Nutritional Strategies, 59 Marriott Place, Paris, Ontario N3L 0A3, Canada.
Nutrients. 2019 Nov 20;11(12):2840. doi: 10.3390/nu11122840.
There are limited data providing guidance on grain foods as part of a healthy dietary pattern in infants and may represent a gap in knowledge for the development of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Scientific Advisory Committee report currently in progress. An analysis using infant data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted to assess grain food relationships with nutrient and energy intakes, diet quality, and food group consumption in infant consumers relative to non-consumers. Grain consumers were defined as infants consuming foods from the main grain food group, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture, and included whole and refined/enriched grains. All infants consuming grain foods had greater energy (kcal) vs. grain non-consumers (p's < 0.0047). While infant grain consumers 6- to 12-months-old (N = 942) had higher daily intakes of sodium and added and total sugars, these infants also had significantly higher dietary fiber, calcium, folate, potassium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, choline, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 compared to non-consumers. In 13- to 23-month-olds ( = 1668), grain consumption was associated with greater daily dietary fiber, iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, folate, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 relative to non-consumers. Diet quality scores were significantly higher in all infant grain consumers examined in comparison to non-consumers ('s < 0.0065). Grain intake was also linked with greater daily intake of several recommended food groups in both younger and older infants versus non-consumption of grains. The current analysis provides evidence to substantiate the inclusion of whole and enriched grain foods as part of the infant dietary pattern as beneficial associations between grain food consumption and dietary quality are apparent. Eliminating and/or reducing grain foods in infant dietary patterns may lead to unintended nutrient and health consequences.
关于谷物食品作为健康饮食模式一部分的指导数据有限，这可能代表了 2020-2025 年美国膳食指南科学顾问委员会报告目前正在进行的知识空白。本研究利用国家健康和营养调查的数据，评估了婴儿消费者相对于非消费者的谷物食品与营养素和能量摄入、饮食质量和食物组消费的关系。谷物消费者被定义为食用美国农业部定义的主要谷物食品组食品的婴儿，包括全谷物和精制/强化谷物。所有食用谷物食品的婴儿的能量（千卡）都大于非食用谷物食品的婴儿（p 值均 < 0.0047）。尽管 6-12 月龄的婴儿谷物消费者（N = 942）的每日钠和添加糖及总糖摄入量较高，但这些婴儿的膳食纤维、钙、叶酸、钾、镁、锌、磷、胆碱、硫胺素、核黄素和维生素 B6 摄入量也明显较高。13-23 月龄的婴儿（N = 1668）中，谷物消费与更高的膳食纤维、铁、锌、镁、磷、叶酸、核黄素、烟酸、硫胺素、维生素 A、维生素 B6 和维生素 B12 每日摄入量相关，与非消费者相比，差异均有统计学意义（p 值均 < 0.0065）。与非消费者相比，所有被调查的婴儿谷物消费者的饮食质量评分均显著更高（p 值均 < 0.0065）。与非谷物消费者相比，谷物摄入与年龄较小和较大婴儿每日推荐食物组摄入量的增加有关。目前的分析提供了证据，支持将全谷物和强化谷物食品作为婴儿饮食模式的一部分，因为谷物食品消费与饮食质量之间存在明显的有益关联。在婴儿饮食模式中消除和/或减少谷物食品可能会导致意外的营养和健康后果。
