Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Molecules. 2019 Nov 20;24(23):4204. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234204.
lectin (CNL) is present in fruiting bodies of clouded agaric along with several similar isolectins that are all small and stable proteins. It is a beta-trefoil type lectin forming homodimers that are essential for its functionality. It binds specifically ,'-diacetyllactosediamine (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, LacDiNac) and human blood group A determinant-containing glycan epitopes. Its most probable function is to defend fruiting bodies against predators and parasites. In addition, an endogenous regulatory function is possible for CNL, as indicated by its interaction with fungal protease inhibitors sharing the beta-trefoil fold. CNL is toxic to insects, nematodes and amoebae, as well as to leukemic T-cell lines. Bivalent carbohydrate binding is essential for the toxicity of CNL, against both invertebrates and cancer-derived cell lines. In addition, CNL exhibits potent immunostimulation of human dendritic cells, resulting in a strong T helper cell type 1 response. Based on its unique characteristics, CNL is a promising candidate for applications in human and veterinary medicine as well as in agriculture, for plant protection.
凝集素（CNL）存在于云芝的子实体中，还有几种类似的同工凝集素，它们都是小而稳定的蛋白质。它是一种β-三叶折叠型凝集素，形成同源二聚体，这对于其功能至关重要。它特异性地结合二乙酰乳糖二胺（GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc，LacDiNac）和含有人血型 A 决定簇的聚糖表位。它最可能的功能是保护子实体免受捕食者和寄生虫的侵害。此外，CNL 可能具有内源性的调节功能，这表明它与具有β-三叶折叠的真菌蛋白酶抑制剂相互作用。CNL 对昆虫、线虫和变形虫以及白血病 T 细胞系具有毒性。二价碳水化合物结合对于 CNL 的毒性至关重要，无论是针对无脊椎动物还是癌症衍生的细胞系。此外，CNL 对人树突状细胞具有强烈的免疫刺激作用，导致强烈的辅助性 T 细胞 1 型反应。基于其独特的特性，CNL 有望在人类和兽医医学以及农业、植物保护中得到应用。
