Pohleven Jure, Kos Janko, Sabotic Jerica
Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana; and Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2016;18(11):965-975. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v18.i11.20.
Current knowledge of the medicinal properties of Basidiomycetes mushroom species of the genus Clitocybe and of the biological activity of C. nebularis fruiting bodies is reviewed. The main focus is the therapeutic potential of lectins from C. nebularis. Species of the genus Clitocybe, including C. nebularis, have not been traditionally considered as medicinal mushrooms; however, recent studies have demonstrated their antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antioxidative properties, their antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) activities against various bacteria and fungi, as well as their potential use in therapy for alcoholism and as psychotropic agents. These activities have been shown to be due to various compounds, either isolated or in extracts, mainly polysaccharides but also phenols, ribonucleosides, and proteins. These include laccase, protease inhibitors, and lectins. C. nebularis has been shown to be rich in a variety of lectins and isolectins with distinct carbohydrate-binding specificities, showing versatile biological activities. They exhibit immunostimulatory and adhesion-/phagocytosis-promoting properties, as well as toxicity in various invertebrates. Mushroom species of the genus Clitocybe, including C. nebularis, thus constitute a valuable source of compounds showing diverse biological activities with a broad potential for applications in biomedicine or biotechnology. On the basis of such evidence reviewed here, we propose that C. nebularis and other Clitocybe species can be considered to be medicinal mushrooms.
本文综述了杯伞属担子菌的药用特性以及雾状杯伞子实体的生物活性。主要关注点是雾状杯伞凝集素的治疗潜力。传统上，杯伞属的物种，包括雾状杯伞，并未被视为药用蘑菇；然而，最近的研究表明它们具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节和抗氧化特性，对各种细菌和真菌具有抗菌（抗病毒、抗菌和抗真菌）活性，以及在治疗酒精中毒和作为精神药物方面的潜在用途。这些活性已被证明归因于各种分离或提取物中的化合物，主要是多糖，但也有酚类、核糖核苷和蛋白质。这些包括漆酶、蛋白酶抑制剂和凝集素。雾状杯伞已被证明富含多种具有不同碳水化合物结合特异性的凝集素和异凝集素，具有多种生物活性。它们具有免疫刺激和促进黏附/吞噬的特性，以及对各种无脊椎动物的毒性。因此，杯伞属的蘑菇物种，包括雾状杯伞，构成了一个有价值的化合物来源，这些化合物具有多种生物活性，在生物医学或生物技术中具有广泛的应用潜力。基于本文综述的此类证据，我们建议雾状杯伞和其他杯伞属物种可被视为药用蘑菇。
