Rodríguez-Bermúdez Ruth, Miranda Marta, Fouz Ramiro, Orjales Inmaculada, Diéguez Francisco Javier, Minervino Antonio Humberto Hamad, López-Alonso Marta
Departamento de Patoloxía Animal, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2020 Jan;55(1):93-104. doi: 10.1111/rda.13595. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
Organic farm management combines best environmental practices, a high level of biodiversity, preservation of natural resources and high animal welfare standards. To meet these criteria, farmers must have livestock well adapted to local organic conditions and information about how different breeds and crosses perform under different conditions. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of different pure breeds and cross-breeds of cattle in organic dairy systems in Northern Spain. The data analysed were obtained from monthly records kept between 2010 and 2016 on organic farms registered in the regional milk recording system. Analysis of various traits indicated that the Holstein-Friesian breed suits the organic production system in the study region. Although the reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian cows was poorer (in terms of number of services per conception) than that of cross-breed and Brown Swiss cows, the Holstein-Friesian produced more milk and lived longer. In addition, there was no difference in calving type or calving ease between the different breed groups. The better milk fat and protein yields produced by the crosses may be useful traits for farmers interested in milk transformation. The advantage of continuing to use Holstein-Friesian cattle is that the breed is predominant worldwide, and the genealogy is well documented. If Holstein-Friesian cattle continue to be used, the main priority will be to search for well-adapted bulls (particularly for pasture-based conditions) and to elaborate a genetic merit index for organic and pasture-based systems with the aim of predicting and minimizing genotype × environment interactions.
有机农场管理融合了最佳环境实践、高度的生物多样性、自然资源保护以及高动物福利标准。为满足这些标准，农民必须拥有能很好适应本地有机条件的牲畜，以及不同品种和杂交品种在不同条件下表现的相关信息。本研究的目的是比较西班牙北部有机奶牛养殖系统中不同纯种和杂交牛品种的性能。所分析的数据来自2010年至2016年期间区域牛奶记录系统中注册的有机农场的月度记录。对各种性状的分析表明，荷斯坦 - 弗里生品种适合研究区域的有机生产系统。尽管荷斯坦 - 弗里生奶牛的繁殖性能（以每次受孕的配种次数衡量）比杂交牛和瑞士褐牛差，但荷斯坦 - 弗里生产奶量更高且寿命更长。此外，不同品种组之间在产犊类型或产犊难易程度上没有差异。杂交牛所产的更好的乳脂和蛋白质产量可能对有牛奶加工兴趣的农民来说是有用的性状。继续使用荷斯坦 - 弗里生牛的优势在于该品种在全球占主导地位，且系谱记录完善。如果继续使用荷斯坦 - 弗里生牛，主要重点将是寻找适应性良好的公牛（特别是适用于基于牧场的条件），并为有机和基于牧场的系统制定遗传价值指数，以预测和最小化基因型×环境互作。
