Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.
PLoS One. 2019 Nov 25;14(11):e0225388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225388. eCollection 2019.
The phenotypic changes induced by prolonged cooling (2-12 weeks at 5 °C in the dark) of freshly formed Polyommatus icarus pupae were investigated. Cooling halted the imaginal development of pupae collected shortly after transformation from the larval stage. After cooling, the pupae were allowed to continue their developmental cycle. The wings of the eclosed specimens were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy and microspectroscopy. The eclosed adults presented phenotypic alterations that reproduced results that we published previously for smaller groups of individuals remarkably well; these changes included i) a linear increase in the magnitude of quantified deviation from normal ventral wing patterns with increasing cooling time; ii) slight alteration of the blue coloration of males; and iii) an increasing number of blue scales on the dorsal wing surface of females with increasing cooling time. Several independent factors, including disordering of regular scale rows in males, the number of blue scales in females, eclosion probability and the probability of defect-free eclosion, showed that the cooling time can be divided into three periods: 0-4 weeks, 4-8 weeks, and 8-12 weeks, each of which is characterized by specific changes. The shift from brown female scales to first blue scales with a female-specific shape and then to blue scales with a male-specific shape with longer cooling times suggests slow decomposition of a substance governing scale formation.
研究了新形成的 Polyommatus icarus 蛹在长时间冷却（5°C 黑暗中 2-12 周）下诱导的表型变化。冷却阻止了刚从幼虫期转化而来的蛹的成虫发育。冷却后，蛹被允许继续其发育周期。通过光学显微镜、扫描和截面传输电子显微镜、UV-VIS 光谱和微光谱研究了羽化标本的翅膀。羽化的成虫表现出的表型改变很好地再现了我们之前为更小的个体群体发表的结果；这些变化包括 i）定量偏离正常腹侧翅膀模式的幅度随冷却时间的增加呈线性增加；ii）雄性蓝色着色的轻微改变；iii）随着冷却时间的增加，雌性后翅表面的蓝色鳞片数量增加。几个独立的因素，包括雄性规则鳞片行的紊乱、雌性的蓝色鳞片数量、羽化概率和无缺陷羽化的概率，表明冷却时间可以分为三个时期：0-4 周、4-8 周和 8-12 周，每个时期都有特定的变化。随着冷却时间的延长，从棕色雌性鳞片到具有雌性特异性形状的第一蓝色鳞片，然后到具有雄性特异性形状的蓝色鳞片的转变表明控制鳞片形成的物质缓慢分解。
