Department of Food and Veterinary Issues, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Veterinary Epidemiology Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Exp Parasitol. 2020 Jan;208:107808. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107808. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
There is a plethora of meat-borne hazards - including parasites - for which there may be a need for surveillance. However, veterinary services worldwide need to decide how to use their scarce resources and prioritise among the perceived hazards. Moreover, to remain competitive, food business operators - irrespective of whether they are farmers or abattoir operators - are preoccupied with maintaining a profit and minimizing costs. Still, customers and trade partners expect that meat products placed on the market are safe to consume and should not bear any risks of causing disease. Risk-based surveillance systems may offer a solution to this challenge by applying risk analysis principles; first to set priorities, and secondly to allocate resources effectively and efficiently. The latter is done through a focus on the cost-effectiveness ratio in sampling and prioritisation. Risk-based surveillance was originally introduced into veterinary public health in 2006. Since then, experience has been gathered, and the methodology has been further developed. Guidelines and tools have been developed, which can be used to set up appropriate surveillance programmes. In this paper, the basic principles are described, and by use of a surveillance design tool called SURVTOOLS (https://survtools.org/), examples are given covering three meat-borne parasites for which risk-based surveillance is 1) either in place in the European Union (EU) (Trichinella spp.), 2) to be officially implemented in December 2019 (Taenia saginata) or 3) only carried out by one abattoir company in the EU as there is no official EU requirement (Toxoplasma gondii). Moreover, advantages, requirements and limitations of risk-based surveillance for meat-borne parasites are discussed.
存在大量的肉源性危害，包括寄生虫，需要进行监测。然而，全球兽医服务部门需要决定如何利用其有限的资源，并对感知到的危害进行优先排序。此外，为了保持竞争力，食品企业经营者——无论他们是农民还是屠宰场经营者——都专注于保持盈利和降低成本。尽管如此，消费者和贸易伙伴期望市场上销售的肉类产品是安全的，可以放心食用，不应该存在任何导致疾病的风险。基于风险的监测系统通过应用风险分析原则，为解决这一挑战提供了一种解决方案；首先是确定优先事项，其次是有效地分配资源。后者是通过关注采样和优先级确定的成本效益比来实现的。基于风险的监测最初于 2006 年引入兽医公共卫生领域。自那时以来，已经积累了经验，并且该方法得到了进一步发展。已经制定了准则和工具，可用于建立适当的监测计划。在本文中，描述了基本原则，并使用名为 SURVTOOLS（https://survtools.org/）的监测设计工具，给出了涵盖三种基于风险的肉源性寄生虫的示例，这些寄生虫的监测 1）在欧盟（EU）已经实施（旋毛虫），2）将于 2019 年 12 月正式实施（牛带绦虫），或 3）仅由欧盟的一家屠宰场公司进行，因为欧盟没有官方要求（刚地弓形虫）。此外，还讨论了基于风险的肉源性寄生虫监测的优势、要求和局限性。
