Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
Cells. 2019 Nov 21;8(12):1482. doi: 10.3390/cells8121482.
MicroRNAs (miRs) significantly contribute to the regulation of gene expression, by virtue of their ability to interact with a broad, yet specific set of target genes. MiRs are produced and released by almost every cell type and play an important role in horizontal gene regulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, both tumor and stroma cells cross-communicate via diverse factors including miRs, which are taking central stage as a therapeutic target of anti-tumor therapy. One of the immune escape strategies adopted by tumor cells is to release miRs as a Trojan horse to hijack circulating or tumor-localized monocytes/macrophages to tune them for pro-tumoral functions. On the other hand, macrophage-derived miRs exert anti-tumor functions. The transfer of miRs from host to recipient cells depends on the supramolecular structure and composition of miR carriers, which determine the distinct uptake mechanism by recipient cells. In this review, we provide a recent update on the miR-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages and their mode of uptake in the TME.
微小 RNA（miRs）通过与广泛而特定的靶基因相互作用，显著参与基因表达的调控。miRs 由几乎所有细胞类型产生和释放，并在肿瘤微环境（TME）中的水平基因调控中发挥重要作用。在 TME 中，肿瘤细胞和基质细胞通过多种因素（包括 miRs）进行交叉通讯，miRs 作为抗肿瘤治疗的治疗靶点处于中心地位。肿瘤细胞采用的免疫逃逸策略之一是释放 miRs 作为特洛伊木马，劫持循环或肿瘤局部的单核细胞/巨噬细胞，将其调整为促进肿瘤的功能。另一方面，巨噬细胞衍生的 miRs 发挥抗肿瘤功能。miRs 从宿主细胞到受体细胞的转移取决于 miR 载体的超分子结构和组成，这决定了受体细胞的不同摄取机制。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于肿瘤细胞和巨噬细胞之间 miR 介导的串扰及其在 TME 中摄取方式的最新进展。
