TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, Haryana 122003, India; Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, Haryana 122003, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Feb 10;703:134892. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134892. Epub 2019 Nov 1.
Biochar, a carbonaceous porous material produced from the pyrolysis of agricultural residues and solid wastes has been widely used as a soil amendment. Recent publications on biochar are primarily focussed with its application in climatic aspects, contaminant immobilization, soil amendment strategies, nutrient recovery, engineered material production and waste-water treatment. Numerous studies have reported the positive attribute of biochar's nutrient value that helps in improving plant growth and fertilizer use efficiency. The renewability, low-cost, high porosity, high surface area and customizable surface chemistry of biochar offers ample prospect in several engineering applications, some of which needs significant attention. This review aims at systematically assessing the uses of biochar as a potential carrier material for delivery of agrochemicals and microbes. The key parameters of biochar that are crucial to assess the potential of any material to be used for delivery purposes are discussed. The parameters such as the physicochemical properties of biochar, the mechanistic aspects of adsorption and release of agrochemicals and microbes from biochar, comparative assessment of biochar over other carrier materials, long-term effects of biochar and the economic and environmental benefits of biochar are discussed in detail. At the end, a brief perspective has also been laid out to discuss how nano-interventions could further be helpful to tailor biochar properties useful for delivery applications.
生物炭是一种由农业废弃物和固体废物热解而成的碳质多孔材料，已被广泛用作土壤改良剂。最近关于生物炭的出版物主要集中在其在气候方面的应用、污染物固定、土壤改良策略、养分回收、工程材料生产和废水处理上。许多研究报告都指出了生物炭的养分价值的积极属性，有助于提高植物生长和肥料利用效率。生物炭的可再生性、低成本、高孔隙率、高比表面积和可定制的表面化学性质为其在多个工程应用中提供了广阔的前景，其中一些需要引起高度关注。本综述旨在系统评估生物炭作为农用化学品和微生物的潜在载体材料的用途。讨论了评估任何用于输送目的的材料的潜力的关键生物炭参数。讨论了生物炭的物理化学性质、农用化学品和微生物从生物炭中吸附和释放的机理方面、生物炭与其他载体材料的比较评估、生物炭的长期影响以及生物炭的经济和环境效益等参数。最后，还简要讨论了纳米干预如何进一步有助于调整生物炭的输送应用特性。
