Videgain-Marco María, Marco-Montori Pedro, Martí-Dalmau Clara, Jaizme-Vega María Del Carmen, Manyà-Cervelló Joan Josep, García-Ramos Francisco Javier
Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, E-22071 Huesca, Spain.
Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Avenida Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2021 May 10;10(5):950. doi: 10.3390/plants10050950.
The effects of biochar on soil-plant-microorganisms systems are currently being extensively investigated. Considering that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an essential role in nutrient dynamics, the present study aims at understanding vine shoot-derived biochar effects on AMF activity and the impact of their multiplication in soils on water-stress resistance of plants. Three agronomic tests were performed in greenhouse pots. The first experiment evaluated the effects of three factors: final pyrolysis temperature for biochar production (400 °C and 600 °C), application rate (0 weight-wt.- % as a control, 1.5 wt. %, and 3.0 wt. %) and texture of the growing media (sandy-loam and clay-loam origin) on AMF, microbial communities and phosphatase activity. In the second experiment, an indigenous consortium of AMF was multiplied through the solid substrate method and sorghum as a trap plant with biochar addition. This process was compared to a control treatment without biochar. Obtained inocula were tested in a third experiment with lettuce plants under different water irrigation conditions. Results from the first experiment showed a general increase in AMF activity with the addition of the biochar produced at 400 °C in the sandy-loam texture substrate. Results of the second experiment showed that the biochar addition increased AMF root colonization, the number of AMF spores and AMF infective potential. Results of the third experiment showed that biochar-derived AMF inoculum increased AMF root colonization, AMF spores, dry biomass and the SPAD index in a lettuce crop under low-water irrigation conditions.
目前，生物炭对土壤-植物-微生物系统的影响正在得到广泛研究。鉴于丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在养分动态中起着至关重要的作用，本研究旨在了解葡萄枝条衍生的生物炭对AMF活性的影响，以及它们在土壤中的繁殖对植物抗水分胁迫能力的影响。在温室盆栽中进行了三项农艺试验。第一个实验评估了三个因素的影响：生物炭生产的最终热解温度（400℃和600℃）、施用量（0重量-%作为对照、1.5重量%和3.0重量%）以及生长介质的质地（砂壤土和粘壤土来源）对AMF、微生物群落和磷酸酶活性的影响。在第二个实验中，通过固体基质法和添加生物炭的高粱作为诱捕植物，使AMF的本地菌剂增殖。将这个过程与不添加生物炭的对照处理进行比较。在第三个实验中，用生菜植株在不同的水分灌溉条件下对获得的接种物进行了测试。第一个实验的结果表明，在砂壤土质地的基质中添加400℃生产的生物炭后，AMF活性普遍增加。第二个实验的结果表明，添加生物炭增加了AMF的根定殖、AMF孢子数量和AMF感染潜力。第三个实验的结果表明，在低水分灌溉条件下，生物炭衍生的AMF接种物增加了生菜作物中的AMF根定殖、AMF孢子、干生物量和SPAD指数。
