Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2019 Dec;3(12):1632-1641. doi: 10.1038/s41559-019-1050-8. Epub 2019 Nov 25.
Prevailing models of sex-chromosome evolution were largely inspired by the stable and highly differentiated XY pairs of model organisms, such as those of mammals and flies. Recent work has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex-determining systems, bringing some of the assumptions of these traditional models into question. One particular question that has arisen is what drives some sex chromosomes to be maintained over millions of years and differentiate fully, while others are replaced by new sex-determining chromosomes before differentiation has occurred. Here, I review recent data on the variability of sex-determining genes and sex chromosomes in different non-model vertebrates and invertebrates, and discuss some theoretical models that have been put forward to account for this diversity.
流行的性染色体进化模型主要受到模式生物（如哺乳动物和苍蝇）中稳定且高度分化的 XY 对的启发。最近的研究揭示了令人难以置信的多样性的性别决定系统，对这些传统模型的一些假设提出了质疑。出现的一个特别问题是，是什么驱动一些性染色体在数百万年的时间里得以维持并完全分化，而另一些性染色体在分化发生之前就被新的性别决定染色体所取代。在这里，我回顾了最近关于不同非模式脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中性别决定基因和性染色体的可变性的研究数据，并讨论了一些为解释这种多样性而提出的理论模型。
