Linwick D, Overmier J B, Peterson G B, Mertens M
University of Minnesota.
Am J Psychol. 1988 Fall;101(3):313-34.
The interaction of food-based memories and food-event outcome expectancies in pigeons was assessed using a simultaneous, delayed-symbolic-matching-to-sample procedure. The components of the compound sample were presented in sequence, and consisted of a food-based event (food or no-food) followed by a color cue (red or green). Choice of a pattern of horizontal lines was "correct" following presentation of the red cue, while choice of a vertical line pattern was "correct" after green. In all but a control condition, the food-based event with which a trial began, or the food-event outcome with which a trial concluded, or both, were also correlated with the correct pattern. Of particular interest was the relative accuracy of two groups for whom both memories and expectancies were correlated with the correct choice-pattern. For one group, the memories and expectancies corresponding to the pre- and postchoice food-related events were similar, whereas for the other they were dissimilar. Outcome expectancies supported a higher level of performance than food-based memories, and subjects with both outcome expectancies and food-based memories chose more accurately than those with memories or expectancies only. In addition, subjects with dissimilar food-based memories and outcome expectancies chose more accurately than those with similar memories and expectancies. The implications of the above findings for the nature of event representation in pigeons are discussed.
利用同时呈现、延迟符号匹配样本程序评估了鸽子基于食物的记忆与食物事件结果预期之间的相互作用。复合样本的组成部分按顺序呈现，包括一个基于食物的事件（有食物或无食物），随后是一个颜色提示（红色或绿色）。呈现红色提示后，选择水平线条图案为“正确”，而呈现绿色提示后，选择垂直线条图案为“正确”。除了一个对照条件外，在所有条件下，试验开始时的基于食物的事件、试验结束时的食物事件结果或两者均与正确图案相关。特别令人感兴趣的是两组的相对准确性，这两组的记忆和预期均与正确的选择模式相关。对于一组，与选择前和选择后与食物相关事件相对应的记忆和预期相似，而对于另一组则不同。结果预期比基于食物的记忆支持更高水平的表现，同时具有结果预期和基于食物记忆的受试者比仅具有记忆或预期的受试者选择更准确。此外，具有不同基于食物的记忆和结果预期的受试者比具有相似记忆和预期的受试者选择更准确。讨论了上述发现对鸽子事件表征性质的影响。
