Urcuioli P J, Zentall T R
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1986 Jan;12(1):69-77.
In this study we examined how coding processes in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample were affected by the stimuli to be remembered. In Experiment 1, two groups of pigeons initially learned 0-delay matching-to-sample with identical comparison stimuli (vertical and horizontal lines) but with different sample stimuli (red and green hues or vertical and horizontal lines). Longer delays were then introduced between sample offset and comparison onset to assess whether pigeons were prospectively coding the same events (viz., the correct line comparisons) or retrospectively coding different events (viz., their respective sample stimuli). The hue-sample group matched more accurately and showed a slower rate of forgetting than the line-sample group. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained with either hues or lines as both sample and comparison stimuli, or with hue samples and line comparisons or vice versa. Subsequent delay tests revealed that the hue-sample groups remembered more accurately and generally showed slower rates of forgetting than the line-sample groups. Comparison dimension had little or no effect on performance. Together, these data suggest that pigeons retrospectively code the samples in delayed matching-to-sample.
在本研究中，我们考察了鸽子延迟样本匹配中的编码过程是如何受到待记忆刺激的影响的。在实验1中，两组鸽子最初学习0延迟样本匹配，其比较刺激相同（垂直线和水平线），但样本刺激不同（红色和绿色色调或垂直线和水平线）。然后在样本消失和比较开始之间引入更长的延迟，以评估鸽子是前瞻性地编码相同事件（即正确的线条比较）还是回顾性地编码不同事件（即它们各自的样本刺激）。色调样本组比线条样本组匹配得更准确，遗忘速度也更慢。在实验2中，鸽子接受训练，样本和比较刺激均为色调或线条，或者样本为色调而比较为线条，或者反之。随后的延迟测试表明，色调样本组比线条样本组记忆更准确，遗忘速度通常也更慢。比较维度对表现几乎没有影响。综合这些数据表明，鸽子在延迟样本匹配中回顾性地编码样本。
