McDaniel M A, Dunay P K, Lyman B J, Kerwin M L
Purdue University.
Am J Psychol. 1988 Fall;101(3):357-69.
Memory for normal and distinct target sentences in elaborated and isolated contexts was examined in two experiments. Distinctiveness was operationalized as the uniqueness of the stated relation among the elements (words) of the sentence. In both experiments distinct target sentences were recalled significantly better than normal target sentences. Robust elaboration effects emerged only in Experiment 2, however, when care was taken to construct elaborations that were causally related to the target sentences. Further, the positive mnemonic effects of elaboration in Experiment 2 combined additively with the distinctiveness effects. These results demonstrate that text manipulations emphasizing both relational distinctiveness and causal elaboration facilitate memory performance. Several possible theoretical mechanisms underlying this facilitation are outlined.
在两项实验中，研究了在详细阐述和孤立语境下对正常和独特目标句子的记忆。独特性被定义为句子元素（单词）之间陈述关系的独特性。在两项实验中，独特目标句子的回忆明显优于正常目标句子。然而，只有在实验2中，当精心构建与目标句子有因果关系的阐述时，才出现了强烈的阐述效应。此外，实验2中阐述的积极记忆效应与独特性效应相加。这些结果表明，强调关系独特性和因果阐述的文本操作有助于提高记忆表现。概述了这种促进作用背后的几种可能的理论机制。
