Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1206:287-326. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_15.
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation process that is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and adaptation to cellular stresses in eukaryotic cells. The most well-characterized type of autophagy, the macroautophagy, involves the progressive sequestration of cytoplasmic components into dedicated double-membraned vesicles called autophagosomes, which ultimately fuse with lysosomes to initiate the autophagic degradation of the sequestered cargo. In the past decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanism of macroautophagy has significantly evolved, with particular contributions from the biochemical and structural characterizations of autophagy-related proteins. In this chapter, we focus on some autophagy regulatory proteins involved in the macroautophagy pathway, summarize their currently known structures, and discuss their relevant molecular mechanisms from a perspective of structural biology.
自噬是一种进化上保守的溶酶体依赖性细胞内降解过程，对于真核细胞中细胞内环境的维持和对细胞应激的适应至关重要。最典型的自噬类型是巨自噬，它涉及细胞质成分逐渐被隔离到称为自噬体的专用双层膜泡中，自噬体最终与溶酶体融合，开始隔离货物的自噬降解。在过去的十年中，我们对巨自噬分子机制的理解有了显著的发展，特别是通过对自噬相关蛋白的生化和结构特征的研究。在本章中，我们重点介绍了参与巨自噬途径的一些自噬调节蛋白，总结了它们目前已知的结构，并从结构生物学的角度讨论了它们相关的分子机制。
