College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Aug 1;156:1539-1555. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.202. Epub 2019 Nov 27.
Natural polysaccharides are important biopolymers with unique physicochemical properties and valuable biological activities. Due to the lack of sufficient functional groups, the applications of natural polysaccharides are incomparable to synthetic biopolymers. In order to broaden the applications of polysaccharides, gallic acid (GA, one kind of phenolic acid with numerous functional properties) has been grafted onto polysaccharides through several chemical and enzymatic methods. The structural characteristics and physical properties (e.g. water solubility, thermal stability, crystalline character and viscosity) of polysaccharides are greatly changed by grafting with GA. Meanwhile, GA grafted polysaccharides (GA-g-polysaccharides) show improved biological activities (e. g. antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, enzyme inhibitory, prebiotic, and calcium oxalate crystals formation inhibitory effects) and broadened applications in the fields of active packaging, edible coating, encapsulation, delivery and bioadsorption. Notably, the structural characteristics, physical properties, biological activities and applications of GA-g-polysaccharides are affected by the grafting ratio and grafting method. Herein, recent advances of GA-g-polysaccharides in terms of preparation methods, structural characteristics, biological activities and potential applications are summarized. This review will provide a guideline for the scientific community towards more rational design and targeted use of GA-g-polysaccharides in the future.
天然多糖是具有独特物理化学性质和有价值生物活性的重要生物聚合物。由于缺乏足够的功能基团，天然多糖的应用无法与合成生物聚合物相媲美。为了拓宽多糖的应用范围，已通过几种化学和酶法将没食子酸（GA，一种具有多种功能特性的酚酸）接枝到多糖上。通过与 GA 接枝，多糖的结构特征和物理性质（例如水溶性、热稳定性、结晶特性和粘度）发生了很大变化。同时，接枝 GA 的多糖（GA-g-多糖）显示出改善的生物活性（例如抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗过敏、抑制酶、益生元、以及抑制草酸钙晶体形成），并在活性包装、可食用涂层、封装、递送和生物吸附等领域得到了更广泛的应用。值得注意的是，GA-g-多糖的结构特征、物理性质、生物活性和应用受接枝率和接枝方法的影响。本文总结了 GA-g-多糖在制备方法、结构特征、生物活性和潜在应用方面的最新进展。这篇综述将为科学界提供一个指导，以在未来更合理地设计和有针对性地使用 GA-g-多糖。
