Zhang Wenting, Sun Jian, Li Qiang, Liu Chanmin, Niu Fuxiang, Yue Ruixue, Zhang Yi, Zhu Hong, Ma Chen, Deng Shaoying
Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China.
School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
Foods. 2023 Oct 8;12(19):3688. doi: 10.3390/foods12193688.
Polyphenols and polysaccharides are very important natural products with special physicochemical properties and extensive biological activities. Recently, polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates have been synthesized to overcome the limitations of polysaccharides and broaden their application range. Grafted copolymers are produced through chemical coupling, enzyme-mediated, and free radical-mediated methods, among which the free radical-induced grafting reaction is the most cost-effective, ecofriendly, safe, and plausible approach. Here, we review the grafting reactions of polysaccharides mediated by free radicals with various bioactive polyphenols, such as gallic acid (GA), ferulic acid (FA), and catechins. A detailed introduction of the methods and their mechanisms for free radical-mediated grafting is given. Structural characterization methods of the graft products, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are introduced. Furthermore, the biological properties of polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates are also presented, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and neuroprotection activities, etc. Moreover, the potential applications of polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates are described. Finally, the challenges and research prospects of graft products are summarized.
多酚和多糖是非常重要的天然产物，具有特殊的物理化学性质和广泛的生物活性。近年来，已合成多酚 - 多糖共轭物以克服多糖的局限性并拓宽其应用范围。接枝共聚物通过化学偶联、酶介导和自由基介导的方法制备，其中自由基诱导的接枝反应是最具成本效益、生态友好、安全且合理的方法。在此，我们综述了自由基介导的多糖与各种生物活性多酚（如没食子酸（GA）、阿魏酸（FA）和儿茶素）的接枝反应。详细介绍了自由基介导接枝的方法及其机制。介绍了接枝产物的结构表征方法，包括薄层色谱（TLC）、紫外可见（UV-vis）光谱、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱、核磁共振（NMR）分析和X射线衍射（XRD）。此外，还介绍了多酚 - 多糖共轭物的生物学性质，包括抗氧化、抗菌、抗糖尿病和神经保护活性等。此外，还描述了多酚 - 多糖共轭物的潜在应用。最后，总结了接枝产物面临的挑战和研究前景。
