Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908.
Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020 Feb;124(2):135-142. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.11.024. Epub 2019 Nov 28.
To summarize the current understanding of anaphylaxis, with an emphasis on major findings that have been reported within the last 10 years.
Queries relating to anaphylaxis, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and mast cells were conducted with PubMed and Google Scholar, searching for primary articles and review papers.
We focused on articles written in English and which were reported in major allergy and immunology journals.
Anaphylaxis represents an extreme manifestation of a form of allergic immunity that appears to have evolved to protect against "toxic" threats that present at skin and mucosal barriers. The factors that have contributed to a rise in anaphylaxis are increasingly appreciated to relate to changes in hygiene and microbial ecology that have occurred with industrialization. Induction of allergen-specific IgG4 is often part of the allergic response and is associated with protection against anaphylaxis. The recognition of the α-Gal syndrome suggests that carbohydrates can be epitopes that are relevant to anaphylaxis and that IgE-mediated reactions do not always occur "immediately."
Our understanding of anaphylaxis has advanced significantly over the past 10 years. It is anticipated that ongoing research will build on this foundation to further advance our knowledge of anaphylaxis and also translate into clinically meaningful therapies.
总结目前对过敏反应的认识，重点介绍过去 10 年中报告的主要发现。
在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 上进行了与过敏反应、免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）和肥大细胞相关的查询，搜索了主要的过敏和免疫学杂志上的原始文章和综述文章。
我们专注于用英文撰写并在主要过敏和免疫学杂志上发表的文章。
过敏反应是一种过敏免疫形式的极端表现，这种免疫形式似乎是为了保护人体免受存在于皮肤和黏膜屏障的“毒性”威胁而进化而来的。导致过敏反应增加的因素与工业化带来的卫生和微生物生态学变化有关，这一点越来越受到人们的重视。过敏原特异性 IgG4 的诱导通常是过敏反应的一部分，与预防过敏反应有关。α-Gal 综合征的认识表明，碳水化合物可以是与过敏反应相关的表位，并且 IgE 介导的反应并不总是“立即”发生。
过去 10 年中，我们对过敏反应的认识有了显著提高。预计正在进行的研究将在此基础上进一步推进我们对过敏反应的认识，并转化为具有临床意义的治疗方法。
