Platts-Mills Thomas A E, Schuyler Alexander J, Hoyt Alice E W, Commins Scott P
Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 801355, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015 Apr;15(4):12. doi: 10.1007/s11882-015-0512-6.
Hypersensitivity in the allergic setting refers to immune reactions, stimulated by soluble antigens that can be rapidly progressing and, in the case of anaphylaxis, are occasionally fatal. As the number of known exposures associated with anaphylaxis is limited, identification of novel causative agents is important in facilitating both education and other allergen-specific approaches that are crucial to long-term risk management. Within the last 10 years, several seemingly separate observations were recognized to be related, all of which resulted from the development of antibodies to a carbohydrate moiety on proteins where exposure differed from airborne allergens but which were nevertheless capable of producing anaphylactic and hypersensitivity reactions. Our recent work has identified these responses as being due to a novel IgE antibody directed against a mammalian oligosaccharide epitope, galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). This review will present the history and biology of alpha-gal and discuss our current approach to management of the mammalian meat allergy and delayed anaphylaxis.
过敏环境中的超敏反应是指由可溶性抗原刺激引起的免疫反应，这种反应可能迅速发展，在过敏反应的情况下偶尔会致命。由于与过敏反应相关的已知暴露次数有限，识别新的致病因素对于促进教育和其他对长期风险管理至关重要的过敏原特异性方法非常重要。在过去10年中，一些看似不相关的观察结果被认为是相关的，所有这些都源于针对蛋白质上碳水化合物部分产生的抗体，其暴露情况与空气传播的过敏原不同，但仍能够产生过敏反应和超敏反应。我们最近的研究确定这些反应是由于一种针对哺乳动物寡糖表位半乳糖-α-1,3-半乳糖（α-半乳糖）的新型IgE抗体所致。本综述将介绍α-半乳糖的历史和生物学特性，并讨论我们目前对哺乳动物肉类过敏和迟发性过敏反应的管理方法。
