与民族背景相关的学龄儿童骨骼成熟度：世代研究。

Skeletal maturation in relation to ethnic background in children of school age: The Generation R Study.

机构信息

Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands.

Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands.

出版信息

Bone. 2020 Mar;132:115180. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115180. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2019.115180

PMID:31786375

Abstract

Ethnicity is a well-established determinant of pediatric maturity, but the underlying genetic and environmental contributions to these ethnic differences are poorly comprehended. We aimed to evaluate the influence of ethnicity on skeletal age (SA), an assessment of pediatric maturation widely used in clinical settings. We included children from the Generation R Study, a multiethnic population-based pregnancy cohort, assessed at a mean age of 9.78 (±0.33) years. SA was evaluated by a trained observer on hand DXA scans using the Greulich and Pyle method. Ethnic background was defined as geographic ancestry (questionnaire-based assessment) (N = 5325) and genetic ancestry (based on admixture analysis) (N = 3413). Associations between the ethnic background and SA were investigated separately in boys and girls, using linear regression models adjusted for age, height and BMI. Based on geographic ancestry, 84% of the children were classified as European, 6% as Asian and 10% as African. Children of European background had on average younger SA than those of Asian or African descent. Asian boys had 0.46 (95% CI 0.26-0.66, p-value < 0.0001) and African boys 0.36 years (95% CI 0.20-0.53, p-value < 0.0001) older SA as compared to European boys. Similarly, Asian girls showed 0.64 (95% CI 0.51-0.77, p-value < 0.0001) and African girls 0.38 years (95% CI 0.27-0.48, p-value < 0.0001) older SA as compared to European girls. A similar pattern was observed in the analysis with genetically-defined ancestry. Furthermore, an increase in the proportion of Asian or African component was associated with older SA in both boys (log[Non-European/European]proportion = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06-0.13, p-value < 0.0001) and girls (log[Non-European/European]proportion = 0.06, 95% CI 0.04-0.08, p-value < 0.0001). In summary, children of Asian and African backgrounds have on average older SA as compared to children of European descent, partially explained by a genetic component.

摘要

种族是儿童成熟的一个既定决定因素，但造成这些种族差异的遗传和环境因素仍知之甚少。我们旨在评估种族对骨骼年龄（SA）的影响，SA 是一种广泛应用于临床环境的儿童成熟评估方法。我们纳入了来自 Generation R 研究的儿童，这是一项多民族基于人群的妊娠队列研究，平均年龄为 9.78（±0.33）岁。通过在手部 DXA 扫描上使用 Greulich 和 Pyle 方法由经过培训的观察者评估 SA。种族背景通过问卷调查（基于问卷调查的评估）（N=5325）和混合分析（基于混合分析）（N=3413）定义。分别在男孩和女孩中，使用线性回归模型，根据年龄、身高和 BMI 进行调整，研究了种族背景与 SA 之间的关系。根据地理起源，84%的儿童被归类为欧洲人，6%为亚洲人，10%为非洲人。欧洲背景的儿童的 SA 比亚洲或非洲血统的儿童年轻。亚洲男孩的 SA 比欧洲男孩大 0.46（95%CI 0.26-0.66，p 值<0.0001），非洲男孩的 SA 大 0.36 岁（95%CI 0.20-0.53，p 值<0.0001）。同样，亚洲女孩的 SA 比欧洲女孩大 0.64（95%CI 0.51-0.77，p 值<0.0001），非洲女孩的 SA 大 0.38 岁（95%CI 0.27-0.48，p 值<0.0001）。在基于遗传定义的祖先的分析中也观察到了类似的模式。此外，亚洲或非洲成分比例的增加与男孩（log[非欧洲/欧洲]比例=0.10，95%CI 0.06-0.13，p 值<0.0001）和女孩（log[非欧洲/欧洲]比例=0.06，95%CI 0.04-0.08，p 值<0.0001）的 SA 年龄较大有关。总之，与欧洲血统的儿童相比，亚洲和非洲背景的儿童的 SA 平均年龄较大，部分原因是遗传因素。