Blaauwendraad Sophia, Gaillard Romy, Gonçalves Romy, Rivadeneira Fernando, Dohle Gert, Oei Edwin, Mulders Annemarie, Jansen Pauline, Jaddoe Vincent
Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Arch Dis Child. 2025 Jun 19;110(7):539-544. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2024-327060.
Impaired fetal and infant growth may cause alterations in developmental programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and subsequently pubertal development. We aimed to assess associations between fetal and infant growth and pubertal development.
Population-based prospective birth cohort.
Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
5830 singleton born children.
We estimated fetal weight in second and third trimester by ultrasound. Infant growth measures were gestational age and weight at birth and infant weight at 6, 12 and 24 months.
Pubertal timing outcomes included difference between chronological and skeletal age assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, testicular or ovarian volumes assessed using MRI at 10 years, age at menarche and Tanner staging at 13 years.
Among girls, 1-SD scores birth weight increase was associated with larger ovarian volume at 10 years (0.07 SD (95% CI 0.02 to 0.12) and later age at menarche (0.06 (0.02 to 0.11)). Among girls, increased infant growth was associated with an older skeletal age at 10 years (difference 2.67 (95% CI 2.26 to 3.08) months), earlier menarche (difference 0.10 (95% CI -0.14 to -0.06) years) and more advance breast and pubic hair development at 13 years (difference in Tanner stages 0.09 (0.05 to 0.13) and 0.07 (0.03 to 0.12)). In boys, increased infant growth was associated with an older skeletal age (3.13 (95% CI 2.58 to 3.69) months) and a larger testicular volume (0.07 (95% 0.02 to 0.12) SD) at 10 years, and with more advance pubic hair development (0.09 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.14) at 13 years).
Birth anthropometrics and early-life growth patterns are associated with altered pubertal development in a sex-specific manner.
胎儿和婴儿生长发育受损可能导致下丘脑 - 垂体 - 性腺轴发育程序改变，进而影响青春期发育。我们旨在评估胎儿和婴儿生长与青春期发育之间的关联。
基于人群的前瞻性出生队列研究。
荷兰鹿特丹。
5830名单胎出生儿童。
我们通过超声估计孕中期和孕晚期的胎儿体重。婴儿生长指标包括胎龄、出生体重以及6个月、12个月和24个月时的婴儿体重。
青春期发育时间的结果包括通过双能X线吸收法评估的实际年龄与骨龄之差、10岁时使用MRI评估的睾丸或卵巢体积、初潮年龄以及13岁时的坦纳分期。
在女孩中，出生体重增加1个标准差与10岁时较大的卵巢体积（0.07标准差（95%可信区间0.02至0.12））和较晚的初潮年龄（0.06（0.02至0.11））相关。在女孩中，婴儿期生长加速与10岁时较大的骨龄（相差2.67（95%可信区间2.26至3.08）个月）、较早的初潮（相差0.10（95%可信区间 -0.14至 -0.06）岁）以及13岁时乳房和阴毛发育更提前（坦纳分期相差0.09（0.05至0.13）和0.07（0.
