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唤醒哺乳动物视网膜的再生潜能。

Awakening the regenerative potential of the mammalian retina.

机构信息

Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Development, Disease Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

出版信息

Development. 2019 Dec 2;146(23):dev182642. doi: 10.1242/dev.182642.

Abstract

As with all glial cells, the major role of retinal Müller glia (MG) is to provide essential neuronal support. However, the MG of some non-mammalian species have the additional ability to generate new retinal neurons capable of sight restoration. Unfortunately, mammalian MG do not possess this ability. However, if we could understand the reasons why, we may be able to devise strategies to confer regenerative potential. The recent discovery that the Hippo signaling pathway acts as an intrinsic block to mammalian MG proliferation, along with reports of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based MG reprogramming and functional photoreceptor differentiation, may indicate a watershed moment in the field of mammalian retinal regeneration. However, as researchers delve deeper into the cellular and molecular mechanisms, and further refine MG reprogramming strategies, we should recall past misinterpretations of data in this field and proceed with caution. Here, we provide a summary of these emerging data and a discussion of technical concerns specific to AAV-mediated reprogramming experiments that must be addressed in order for the field to move forward.

摘要

与所有神经胶质细胞一样,视网膜 Müller 胶质细胞(MG)的主要作用是提供必要的神经元支持。然而,一些非哺乳动物物种的 MG 具有额外的能力,可以产生新的视网膜神经元,从而恢复视力。不幸的是,哺乳动物的 MG 没有这种能力。然而,如果我们能够了解其中的原因,我们也许能够设计出赋予再生潜能的策略。最近的发现表明, Hippo 信号通路作为内在的哺乳动物 MG 增殖抑制剂,以及基于腺相关病毒(AAV)的 MG 重编程和功能性光感受器分化的报道,可能标志着哺乳动物视网膜再生领域的一个分水岭时刻。然而,随着研究人员更深入地研究细胞和分子机制,并进一步完善 MG 重编程策略,我们应该回顾该领域过去对数据的误解,并谨慎行事。在这里,我们提供了这些新兴数据的总结,并讨论了 AAV 介导的重编程实验中特有的技术问题,为了推动该领域的发展,这些问题必须得到解决。

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