Center for Vaccines and Immunology and.
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
JCI Insight. 2020 Jan 16;5(1):132155. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.132155.
Influenza is a highly contagious viral pathogen with more than 200,000 cases reported in the United States during the 2017-2018 season. Annual vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization, with the goal to reduce influenza severity and transmission. Currently available vaccines are about 60% effective, and vaccine effectiveness varies from season to season, as well as between different influenza subtypes within a single season. Immunological imprinting from early-life influenza infection can prominently shape the immune response to subsequent infections. Here, the impact of preexisting B cell memory in the response to quadrivalent influenza vaccine was assessed using blood samples collected from healthy subjects (18-85 years old) prior to and 21-28 days following influenza vaccination. Influenza vaccination increased both HA-specific antibodies and memory B cell frequency. Despite no apparent differences in antigenicity between vaccine components, most individuals were biased toward one of the vaccine strains. Specifically, responses to H3N2 were reduced in magnitude relative to the other vaccine components. Overall, this study unveils a potentially new mechanism underlying differential vaccine effectiveness against distinct influenza subtypes.
流感是一种高度传染性的病毒病原体，在美国 2017-2018 季节期间报告了超过 20 万例病例。世界卫生组织建议每年接种疫苗，以降低流感的严重程度和传播。目前可用的疫苗有效率约为 60%，疫苗效果因季节和同一季节内不同流感亚型而异。从早期流感感染中获得的免疫印记可以显著影响对后续感染的免疫反应。在这里，使用在流感疫苗接种前和接种后 21-28 天从健康受试者（18-85 岁）收集的血液样本评估了预先存在的 B 细胞记忆对四价流感疫苗反应的影响。流感疫苗接种增加了 HA 特异性抗体和记忆 B 细胞的频率。尽管疫苗成分之间没有明显的抗原性差异，但大多数个体偏向于疫苗株之一。具体而言，与其他疫苗成分相比，对 H3N2 的反应幅度降低。总体而言，这项研究揭示了针对不同流感亚型的疫苗效果差异的潜在新机制。
