Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany.
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Nov-Dec;37(6):889-898. Epub 2019 Nov 28.
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is the umbrella term for a broad spectrum of inflammatory rheumatic diseases with typical but also rather different clinical manifestations, limited laboratory abnormalities and characteristic imaging features. For classification purposes, a so-called non-radiographic form (nr-axSpA) is differentiated from a radiographic one (r-axSpA) which is almost identical to the classical ankylosing spondylitis (AS) that is genetically strongly associated with the major histocompatibility complex class 1 antigen HLA-B27. In axSpA, the axial skeleton is affected by both inflammation and new bone formation, and joints might be affected. Rather typical musculoskeletal manifestations of SpA are enthesitis and dactylitis, the latter mainly in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Extra-articular manifestations such as acute anterior uveitis (AAU), psoriasis (PsO) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are also typical of SpA. In this paper we review the literature on axial SpA (ax-SpA) of 2018 (Medline search of articles published from 1st January 2018 to 31st January 2019).
脊柱关节炎（SpA）是一组广泛的炎症性风湿性疾病的总称，具有典型但也相当不同的临床表现、有限的实验室异常和特征性的影像学特征。为了分类目的，将一种所谓的非放射学形式（nr-axSpA）与放射学形式（r-axSpA）区分开来，后者与经典的强直性脊柱炎（AS）几乎完全相同，AS 与主要组织相容性复合体 1 抗原 HLA-B27 遗传上有很强的关联。在 axSpA 中，轴骨骼既受到炎症又受到新骨形成的影响，关节也可能受到影响。SpA 的相当典型的肌肉骨骼表现是附着点炎和指（趾）炎，后者主要见于银屑病关节炎（PsA）。关节外表现如急性前葡萄膜炎（AAU）、银屑病（PsO）和炎症性肠病（IBD）也是 SpA 的典型表现。本文回顾了 2018 年关于轴性 SpA（ax-SpA）的文献（对 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 1 月 31 日发表的文章进行 Medline 检索）。
