Murphy L A, Pollatsek A, Well A D
Curtis Blake Center, American International College, Springfield, MA 01109.
Brain Lang. 1988 Sep;35(1):1-23. doi: 10.1016/0093-934x(88)90099-5.
Developmental dyslexics, selected on the basis of very slow naming rates on the Rapid Automatic Naming Tasks (RAN), were compared to normal readers on oral language, picture categorization, and reading tasks. Findings indicated that the dyslexics' word retrieval deficits were one symptom of a more generalized, however subtle, oral language deficit which involved both receptive and expressive oral language functioning. The dyslexics' word retrieval problem also seemed chiefly related to language processing and not to deficits in semantic memory as there were no significant differences between dyslexics and controls on a nonverbal semantic memory task (picture categorization). In naming and identifying printed words, the dyslexics appeared to rely considerably upon the "indirect" or "assembly-of-phonology" route; they were slower in naming irregularly spelled words compared to regularly spelled words and on a lexical decision task, the dyslexics were slower in making negative decisions for "pseudohomophones" (e.g., "braik") than for other matched nonwords. Results are discussed in terms of the logogen model with some consideration of a developmental model as well.
基于快速自动命名任务（RAN）中非常缓慢的命名速度挑选出的发育性阅读障碍者，在口语、图片分类和阅读任务方面与正常阅读者进行了比较。研究结果表明，阅读障碍者的词汇提取缺陷是一种更普遍但很细微的口语缺陷的症状之一，这种口语缺陷涉及接受性和表达性口语功能。阅读障碍者的词汇提取问题似乎也主要与语言处理有关，而不是语义记忆缺陷，因为在非语言语义记忆任务（图片分类）中，阅读障碍者与对照组之间没有显著差异。在命名和识别印刷单词时，阅读障碍者似乎相当依赖“间接”或“语音组装”途径；与拼写规则的单词相比，他们在命名拼写不规则的单词时速度较慢，并且在词汇判断任务中，阅读障碍者对“假同音字”（如“braik”）做出否定判断的速度比对其他匹配的非单词要慢。研究结果将根据语素模型进行讨论，同时也会对发育模型进行一定的考虑。
