College of Water Resources and Hydrology, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
Water Resources Protection Bureau of Haihe River Basin, Tianjin, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jan;27(1):469-481. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06517-9. Epub 2019 Dec 3.
Sudden water pollution is a global environmental issue. On a large spatial scale, any pollution source may cause water pollution incidents. Dividing a large watershed into several units and giving each unit a different level would be favorable for managing sudden water pollution incidents. To scientifically divide an area into units and determine their risk grade of sudden water pollution, data of pollution sources were collected, and an area was divided into risk assessment units of sudden water pollution. The risk grade assessment was conducted following the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The technology combined with the AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (F-AHP) can generate the hydrology, pollution source, natural geography, and socioeconomic characteristics of each unit and provide a risk grade evaluation. A risk grade assessment was conducted using the Yongding River as a case study. The results show that the areas with high sudden water pollution risk were mainly distributed in Shanxi Datong and Hebei Zhangjiakou. Sufficient control of pollution sources in production processes and the establishment of necessary measures to strengthen inspections should reduce the risk of sudden water pollution.
突发性水污染是一个全球性的环境问题。在较大的空间尺度上，任何污染源都可能引发突发性水污染事件。将一个大流域划分为若干个单元，并赋予每个单元不同的级别，有利于管理突发性水污染事件。为了科学地将一个区域划分为单元，并确定其突发性水污染的风险等级，收集了污染源数据，并将该区域划分为突发性水污染风险评估单元。采用层次分析法（AHP）和模糊综合评价法进行风险等级评价。该技术结合 AHP 和模糊综合评价（F-AHP）可以生成各单元的水文、污染源、自然地理和社会经济特征，并提供风险等级评价。以永定河为例进行风险等级评价。结果表明，突发性水污染高风险区主要分布在山西大同和河北张家口。充分控制生产过程中的污染源，并建立必要的加强检查措施，以降低突发性水污染的风险。
