Collier William G, Shi Xinyan
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, USA.
Department of Economics and Decision Sciences, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2020 Oct;123(5):1724-1752. doi: 10.1177/0033294119892884. Epub 2019 Dec 8.
Two experiments investigated the influence of mindfulness, meditation, and type of induction (free will, determinism, or neutral) on affect and beliefs in free will/determinism. In Experiment 1, it was found that high mindful participants reported experiencing more positive affect and less negative affect than low mindful participants. In the determinism induction condition in Experiment 2, high mindful participants scored higher on free will beliefs after they meditated, whereas low mindful participants scored lower on free will beliefs after they meditated. So it would seem that mindfulness can have differential effects for high and low mindful individuals. It was also found that high mindful participants (depending on the task and induction condition) sometimes had longer reaction times than low mindful participants. This could be an indication of high mindful participants having a higher decision boundary for some tasks or simply an indication that high mindful participants enjoyed some tasks more than others (i.e., processing fluency). In addition, the internal consistency of the questionnaires was compared to the internal consistency found for those questionnaires in previous research.
两项实验研究了正念、冥想以及诱导类型（自由意志、决定论或中性）对情感和自由意志/决定论信念的影响。在实验1中，发现高正念参与者报告的积极情感体验多于低正念参与者，消极情感体验少于低正念参与者。在实验2的决定论诱导条件下，高正念参与者在冥想后自由意志信念得分更高，而低正念参与者在冥想后自由意志信念得分更低。因此，正念似乎对高正念和低正念个体有不同的影响。还发现，高正念参与者（取决于任务和诱导条件）有时比低正念参与者反应时间更长。这可能表明高正念参与者在某些任务上有更高的决策界限，或者仅仅表明高正念参与者比其他参与者更享受某些任务（即加工流畅性）。此外，还将问卷的内部一致性与先前研究中这些问卷的内部一致性进行了比较。
