School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Changsha 410118, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 3;16(23):4872. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234872.
The terrestrial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining an ecological balance, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting the sustainable development of human beings. The impacts of precipitation, temperature, and other natural factors on terrestrial ecosystem pattern change (TEPC) are the basis for promoting the healthy development of the terrestrial ecosystem. This paper took the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as the study area, analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of TEPC from 1995 to 2015, and used spatial transfer matrix and terrestrial ecosystem pattern dynamic degree models to analyze the area transformation between different terrestrial ecosystem types. A bivariate spatial autocorrelation model and a panel data regression model were used to study the impacts of precipitation and temperature on TEPC. The results show that: (1) The basic pattern of the terrestrial ecosystem developed in a relatively stable manner from 1995 to 2005 in the YREB, and transformations between the farmland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, and grassland ecosystem were more frequent. The temporal and spatial evolution of precipitation and temperature in the YREB showed significant regional differences. (2) There was a significant negative bivariate global spatial autocorrelation effect of precipitation and temperature on the area change of the forest ecosystem, and a positive effect on the area change of the settlement ecosystem. The local spatial correlation between precipitation or temperature and the terrestrial ecosystem showed significant scattered distribution characteristics. (3) The impacts of precipitation and temperature on TEPC showed significant regional characteristics on the provincial scale. The impact utility in the tail region is basically negative, while both positive and negative effects exist in the central and head regions of the YREB. Moreover, the impact showed significant spatial heterogeneity on the city scale. (4) The Chinese government has promulgated policies and measures for strategic planning, ecological environment protection, and economic support, which could effectively promote ecological and sustainable development of the YREB and promote the coordinated development of the ecology, economy, and society in China.
陆地生态系统在维持生态平衡、保护生态环境、促进人类可持续发展方面发挥着重要作用。降水、温度等自然因素对陆地生态系统格局变化（TEPC）的影响是促进陆地生态系统健康发展的基础。本文以长江经济带（YREB）为研究区，分析了 1995 年至 2015 年 TEPC 的时空特征，利用空间转移矩阵和陆地生态系统格局动态度模型分析了不同陆地生态系统类型之间的面积转化。采用双变量空间自相关模型和面板数据回归模型研究了降水和温度对 TEPC 的影响。结果表明：（1）1995-2005 年，YREB 陆地生态系统基本格局发展较为稳定，农田生态系统、森林生态系统和草原生态系统之间的转化较为频繁。YREB 降水和温度的时空演变表现出明显的区域差异。（2）降水和温度对森林生态系统面积变化具有显著的负双向全局空间自相关效应，对建设用地生态系统面积变化具有显著的正效应。降水和温度与陆地生态系统之间的局部空间相关性呈现显著的离散分布特征。（3）降水和温度对 TEPC 的影响在省级尺度上表现出明显的区域特征。在尾部地区，影响基本为负，而在 YREB 的中心和头部地区则存在正负影响。此外，在城市尺度上，影响表现出显著的空间异质性。（4）中国政府制定了战略规划、生态环境保护和经济支持的政策和措施，这将有效促进长江经济带的生态和可持续发展，促进中国生态、经济和社会的协调发展。
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