Post graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
Graduation on Physical Education, Center Estacio of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
J Sports Sci Med. 2019 Nov 19;18(4):772-779. eCollection 2019 Dec.
A common practice among bodybuilders is the use of carbohydrate loading to improve physical appearance during competition, while limited documented data is available about this issue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate muscle thickness, mood states, gastrointestinal symptoms and subjective silhouette assessment following carbohydrate loading in bodybuilders. Twenty-four male bodybuilders were evaluated at the weighing period following three days of carbohydrate depletion (M1), and 24h of carbohydrate loading leading up to the competition (M2), stratified into: no carbohydrate load (NC, n = 9) and carbohydrate loading (CL, n =1 5). The silhouette scale, Brunel mood scale (BRUMS), muscle thickness (ultrasound), circumferences, and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) were evaluated at M1 and M2. The NC displayed no differences in muscle thickness and circumferences between M1 and M2. Body mass, muscle thickness (elbow flexors, a combination of biceps brachii/ brachialis muscle, and triceps brachii) and circumferences (chest, hip, thigh, arm, calves, and forearm) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the CL at M2. There was a significant increase in photo silhouette scores (p < 0.05) in the CL at M2. There was no significant difference in mood states between groups or time. The most reported GIS was constipation: 7/9 (NC) and 9/15 (CL) during M1 and 6/9 (NC), and 5/15 (CL) at M2 with symptoms described as 'moderate' or 'severe'. Diarrhea was reported by 7/15 CL (4/15 as severe). These data suggest that carbohydrate loading may contribute to an acute increase in muscle volume and physical appearance, however, it needs to be better planned to minimize gastrointestinal symptoms in bodybuilders.
健美运动员的常见做法是使用碳水化合物负荷来改善比赛期间的身体外观，尽管关于这个问题的文献资料有限。本研究的目的是评估碳水化合物负荷后健美运动员的肌肉厚度、情绪状态、胃肠道症状和主观轮廓评估。24 名男性健美运动员在经过三天的碳水化合物消耗（M1）后的称重期和 24 小时的碳水化合物负荷（M2）前进行评估，分为：无碳水化合物负荷（NC，n = 9）和碳水化合物负荷（CL，n = 15）。在 M1 和 M2 时评估了轮廓量表、布鲁内尔情绪量表（BRUMS）、肌肉厚度（超声）、周长和胃肠道症状（GIS）。NC 在 M1 和 M2 之间的肌肉厚度和周长没有差异。CL 在 M2 时的体重、肌肉厚度（肘屈肌、肱二头肌/肱肌和肱三头肌的组合）和周长（胸部、臀部、大腿、手臂、小腿和前臂）显著增加（p < 0.05）。CL 在 M2 时的照片轮廓评分显著增加（p < 0.05）。在 M1 和 M2 时，两组之间或时间之间的情绪状态没有显著差异。报告最多的 GIS 是便秘：7/9（NC）和 9/15（CL）在 M1 时，6/9（NC）和 5/15（CL）在 M2 时，症状描述为“中度”或“重度”。7/15 CL（4/15 为重度）报告腹泻。这些数据表明，碳水化合物负荷可能会导致肌肉体积和身体外观的急性增加，但是需要更好地计划以最大限度地减少健美运动员的胃肠道症状。
