Xia Chunlei, Zhu Shoujun, Feng Tanglue, Yang Mingxi, Yang Bai
State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China.
Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health 35 Convent Dr Bethesda 20892 MD USA.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2019 Sep 30;6(23):1901316. doi: 10.1002/advs.201901316. eCollection 2019 Dec.
Despite the various synthesis methods to obtain carbon dots (CDs), the bottom-up methods are still the most widely administrated route to afford large-scale and low-cost synthesis. However, as CDs are developed with increasing reports involved in producing many CDs, the structure and property features have changed enormously compared with the first generation of CDs, raising classification concerns. To this end, a new classification of CDs, named carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), is summarized according to the analysis of structure and property features. Here, CPDs are revealed as an emerging class of CDs with distinctive polymer/carbon hybrid structures and properties. Furthermore, deep insights into the effects of synthesis on the structure/property features of CDs are provided. Herein, the synthesis methods of CDs are also summarized in detail, and the effects of synthesis conditions of the bottom-up methods in terms of the structures and properties of CPDs are discussed and analyzed comprehensively. Insights into formation process and nucleation mechanism of CPDs are also offered. Finally, a perspective of the future development of CDs is proposed with critical insights into facilitating their potential in various application fields.
尽管有多种合成碳点（CDs）的方法，但自下而上的方法仍然是实现大规模、低成本合成的最广泛采用的途径。然而，随着CDs的不断发展，有关生产多种CDs的报道越来越多，与第一代CDs相比，其结构和性能特征发生了巨大变化，引发了分类方面的担忧。为此，根据对结构和性能特征的分析，总结了一种名为碳化聚合物点（CPDs）的CDs新分类。在此，CPDs被揭示为一类新兴的CDs，具有独特的聚合物/碳杂化结构和性能。此外，还深入探讨了合成对CDs结构/性能特征的影响。本文还详细总结了CDs的合成方法，并全面讨论和分析了自下而上方法的合成条件对CPDs结构和性能的影响。还提供了对CPDs形成过程和成核机制的见解。最后，对CDs的未来发展提出了展望，并对促进其在各个应用领域的潜力提出了关键见解。
