Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jan;27(1):133-142. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06554-4. Epub 2019 Dec 12.
Picotechnology development in vast disciplines is mainly attributed to the research and development (R and D) on nanotechnology. Being a parent technology, nanotechnology is the cornerstone of picotechnology. Like nanotechnology, the reference standard for picotechnology is nature, the cellular and subcellular functioning. Some studies have highlighted that the functional margin of similar type of molecules at picoscale (10) goes higher than at nanoscale (10). In this review, the potential applications of picotechnology have been evaluated especially in the disciplines of biomedical and environmental sciences. Extended surface area and improved electrical, chemical, optical, and mechanical properties make picotechnological products even better than nanomaterials. The fundamental objective of this study is to bring the attention of the scientific world towards the picoscale interventions and to highlight the wide scope of picotechnology as a newly emerging technology with applications in numerous sectors. Picotechnology has made it possible to measure very small structure in advance biomedical and environmental sciences studies. Adequate developments in picotechnology will certainly change human lives in near future because it will make possible for the research world to dive into systems and structures on picoscale. It will render a platform through which explorers can travel into ultra-small areas, which will lead to the creation of new dimensions as well as new opportunities. Eventually, in future, the picotechnology will become smaller enough to give birth to femtotechnology (10) in real-world applications.
巨观领域的微纳技术发展主要归因于纳米技术的研发。作为一项母技术，纳米技术是微纳技术的基石。与纳米技术一样，微纳技术的参考标准是自然、细胞和亚细胞功能。一些研究强调，在皮米尺度（10）下同类型分子的功能裕度高于纳米尺度（10）。在这篇综述中，评估了微纳技术的潜在应用，特别是在生物医学和环境科学领域。扩展的表面积和改进的电气、化学、光学和机械性能使皮米技术产品甚至优于纳米材料。本研究的基本目标是引起科学界对皮米干预的关注，并强调微纳技术作为一种新兴技术在众多领域的广泛应用。微纳技术使得在预先的生物医学和环境科学研究中能够测量非常小的结构。微纳技术的充分发展肯定会在不久的将来改变人类的生活，因为它将使研究界能够深入研究皮米尺度的系统和结构。它将提供一个平台，通过这个平台探索者可以进入超小区域，从而创造新的维度和新的机会。最终，在未来，微纳技术将变得足够小，从而在实际应用中诞生飞秒技术（10）。
