Imchen Madangchanok, Vennapu Ravali Krishna, Ghosh Preetam, Kumavath Ranjith
Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India.
Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
Microorganisms. 2019 Dec 11;7(12):678. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7120678.
Antibiotic resistance is a global issue which is magnified by interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Understanding antibiotic resistance in bacteria in a natural setting is crucial to check whether they are multidrug resistant (MDR) and possibly avoid outbreaks. In this study, we have isolated several antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) ( = 128) from the mangroves in Kerala, India. ARBs were distributed based on antibiotics ( = 1.6 × 10). The 16S rRNA gene characterization revealed dominance by Bacillaceae (45%), Planococcaceae (22.5%), and Enterobacteriaceae (17.5%). A high proportion of the isolates were MDR (75%) with maximum resistance to methicillin (70%). Four isolates affiliated to plant-growth promoters, probiotics, food, and human pathogens were resistant to all antibiotics indicating the seriousness and prevalence of MDR. A significant correlation (R = 0.66; = 2.5 × 10) was observed between MDR and biofilm formation. Antagonist activity was observed in 62.5% isolates. Gram-positive isolates were more susceptible to antagonism (75.86%) than gram-negative (36.36%) isolates. Antagonism interactions against gram-negative isolates were lower (9.42%) when compared to gram-positive isolates (89.85%). Such strong antagonist activity can be harnessed for inspection of novel antimicrobial mechanisms and drugs. Our study shows that MDR with strong biofilm formation is prevalent in natural habitat and if acquired by deadly pathogens may create havoc in public health.
抗生素耐药性是一个全球性问题，种间水平基因转移使其更加严重。了解自然环境中细菌的抗生素耐药性对于检查它们是否具有多重耐药性（MDR）并可能避免疫情爆发至关重要。在本研究中，我们从印度喀拉拉邦的红树林中分离出了几种抗生素耐药菌（ARB）（= 128株）。ARB根据抗生素进行分类（= 1.6 × 10）。16S rRNA基因特征显示芽孢杆菌科（45%）、动球菌科（22.5%）和肠杆菌科（17.5%）占主导地位。高比例的分离株具有多重耐药性（75%），对甲氧西林的耐药性最高（70%）。四株与植物生长促进剂、益生菌、食品和人类病原体相关的分离株对所有抗生素均耐药，这表明多重耐药性的严重性和普遍性。在多重耐药性与生物膜形成之间观察到显著相关性（R = 0.66；= 2.5 × 10）。62.5%的分离株具有拮抗活性。革兰氏阳性分离株比革兰氏阴性分离株（36.36%）更容易受到拮抗作用（75.86%）。与革兰氏阳性分离株（89.85%）相比，对革兰氏阴性分离株的拮抗相互作用较低（9.42%）。这种强大的拮抗活性可用于检测新型抗菌机制和药物。我们的研究表明，具有强大生物膜形成能力的多重耐药性在自然栖息地中普遍存在，如果被致命病原体获得，可能会对公共卫生造成严重破坏。
