Faculty of Tourism Management, Department of Tourism, Famagusta, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey.
Sheytex Logistics and Services Limited, Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria.; College of Business, Westcliff University, Irvine, CA, United States; International Economics and Management Department, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Feb 25;705:135972. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135972. Epub 2019 Dec 7.
Economic interdependence through foreign direct investment and trade of energy resources in a globalized world filled with mixed heritage sites stimulates economic activities thereby serving as a great catalyst for economic growth. However, the importance of these economies' interdependence transcends economic and socio-cultural-political benefits to coastal protection, carbon sequestration, flood prevention and soil stabilization among others. To this end, this study seeks to examine whether the interdependence and interaction among foreign direct investment, energy consumption, real income is a drive for global environmental sustainability targets or not. In order to achieve our research objective, we make use of a panel-based study of world's top 10 pollutant emissions that comprises 37 developed countries of the world, using the Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag techniques of Pooled Mean Group, Mean Group and Dynamic Fixed Effects estimators over the periods of 1995-2014 that incorporate tourism as an additional variable. Panel cointegration result shows that increase in the explanatory variables contributes to environmental degradation in the long-run. A 1% increase in kg oil equivalent of energy consumed led to 0.918% increase in environmental degradation, while a 1% increase real income and foreign direct investment decrease environmental degradation by 0.635% and 0.064%, with tourism insignificant impact in the long-run. Consequently, economic and environmental sustainability measures that would help to promote a cleaner and healthy environment globally for both the immediate and future generation were suggested.
在全球化的世界中，通过外国直接投资和能源资源贸易实现的经济相互依存，加上混合遗产地，刺激了经济活动，从而成为经济增长的强大催化剂。然而，这些经济体相互依存的重要性不仅在于经济、社会文化和政治利益，还在于沿海保护、碳封存、防洪和土壤稳定等方面。为此，本研究旨在探讨外国直接投资、能源消费和实际收入之间的相互依存和相互作用是否是实现全球环境可持续性目标的动力。为了实现我们的研究目标，我们利用了一个世界上十大污染物排放的面板研究，该研究包括世界上 37 个发达国家，使用了 1995-2014 年期间的面板平均组、平均组和动态固定效应估计器的动态自回归分布滞后技术，并将旅游业作为一个附加变量。面板协整结果表明，解释变量的增加会导致长期环境退化。能源消耗每增加 1%石油当量，就会导致环境退化增加 0.918%，而实际收入和外国直接投资每增加 1%，则会分别减少 0.635%和 0.064%的环境退化，旅游业在长期内没有显著影响。因此，建议采取经济和环境可持续性措施，以帮助促进全球更清洁、更健康的环境，造福当代和子孙后代。
