Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Political Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 May;27(15):17831-17842. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08180-x. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Most nations are predominately preoccupied with the need to increase economic growth amidst pressure for increased energy consumption. However, higher energy consumption from fossil fuel has its environmental implication(s) especially in a high industrial economy like China. In this context, the current study explores the interaction between pollutant emission, foreign direct investment, energy consumption, tourism arrival, and economic growth for quarterly frequency data from 1995Q1 to 2016Q4 for econometrics analysis. Pesaran's autoregressive distributed lag-bound test traces long-run relationship between all outlined variables over the investigated period. Empirical results show positive relationship between pollutant emissions with all other variables with the exception of economic growth. This further exposes the environmental degradation in China with the curtailing strength from the GDP. The Granger causality analysis detects that CO emissions and energy consumption show a two-way causality observed. Also, one-way causality existing between growth and foreign direct investment is seen running to pollutant emission. Furthermore, one-way causality is observed among foreign direct investment, energy consumption, pollutant emission, and tourism arrivals with economic growth, and this established their impact on the economic growth which will be a guide to the policy implication on how to ameliorate environmental degradation from the effect of consumption of fossil energy sources and foreign direct investment-induced pollutant emission.
大多数国家主要关注在能源消耗增加的压力下增加经济增长的需求。然而，化石燃料消耗的增加会带来环境影响，特别是在中国这样的高工业经济中。在这种情况下，本研究探讨了污染物排放、外国直接投资、能源消耗、旅游到达和经济增长之间的相互作用，使用了 1995 年第一季度至 2016 年第四季度的季度频率数据进行计量经济学分析。Pesaran 的自回归分布滞后边界检验追踪了所有研究变量在研究期间的长期关系。实证结果表明，污染物排放与其他所有变量之间存在正相关关系，但与经济增长除外。这进一步暴露了中国的环境恶化，因为 GDP 的抑制作用减弱。格兰杰因果关系分析检测到 CO 排放和能源消耗之间存在双向因果关系。此外，还观察到经济增长与外国直接投资之间存在单向因果关系，这种关系表现为从外国直接投资到污染物排放的单向因果关系。此外，外国直接投资、能源消耗、污染物排放和旅游到达与经济增长之间存在单向因果关系，这表明它们对经济增长的影响，这将为政策含义提供指导，即如何从消耗化石能源和外国直接投资引起的污染物排放的影响中改善环境恶化。
