Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Blvd., Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Blvd., Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
J Safety Res. 2019 Sep;70:105-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.06.006. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
Transportation safety research has consistently shown driver behavior is the primary cause in the majority of crashes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an automatically-assigned, targeted web-based instruction program to reduce risky driving behavior.
This quasi-experiment used a within-subjects, multiple-baseline stepwise ABC design; where "A" was the Phase I baseline, "B" was the Phase II driver awareness of program, and "C" was the Phase III WBI program.
A significant reduction in rates of risky driving behaviors coincided with the implementation of the WBI program, even for those drivers who did not receive WBI but were included in the program. More specifically, excessive speeding was significantly reduced by 73.93% from baseline to intervention across all drivers. For those drivers who received WBI, the program coincided with statistically significant reductions in speeding, hard braking, and hard cornering. The first WBI course assigned and completed was the most impactful in reducing at-risk driving behavior.
These results show that the automatically-assigned, targeted WBI program was an effective method in reducing risky driving behaviors, not only for those drivers that received training, but for all drivers. The authors hypothesize the reduction in risky driving behaviors was not the result of the WBI, but instead from the implicit feedback of being assigned a training courses, the development of implicit, non-specific goals to reduce risky driving behaviors that result in a WBI course assignment, and the resulting increased driver accountability created by the WBI program. Practical application: Through the use of an automatically-assigned, targeted WBI program, fleets may have fewer crashes and insurance claims. This reduction in crashes and insurance claims may result in lower insurance premiums and may help to prevent injuries and save lives.
交通安全性研究一直表明，驾驶员行为是大多数事故的主要原因。本研究评估了自动分配的有针对性的基于网络的指令计划的有效性，以减少危险驾驶行为。
本准实验采用了一个在受试者内的、多个基线逐步 ABC 设计；其中“A”是第一阶段基线，“B”是第二阶段驾驶员对程序的认识，“C”是第三阶段 WBI 程序。
危险驾驶行为的发生率显著降低，与 WBI 程序的实施相吻合，即使是那些没有接受 WBI 但被纳入计划的驾驶员也是如此。具体来说，所有驾驶员的超速行为都显著减少了 73.93%。对于接受 WBI 的驾驶员，该程序与超速、急刹车和急转弯的显著减少相关。第一次分配并完成的 WBI 课程对降低高危驾驶行为最有影响力。
这些结果表明，自动分配的有针对性的 WBI 程序是减少危险驾驶行为的有效方法，不仅对接受培训的驾驶员有效，而且对所有驾驶员都有效。作者假设，危险驾驶行为的减少不是 WBI 的结果，而是由于被分配了培训课程的隐性反馈，发展了减少危险驾驶行为的隐性、非特定目标，这导致了 WBI 课程的分配，以及 WBI 程序所产生的驾驶员问责制的提高。
通过使用自动分配的有针对性的 WBI 程序，车队可能会减少事故和保险索赔。这种事故和保险索赔的减少可能会导致较低的保险费率，并有助于预防伤害和拯救生命。
