Huang Jian, Zhu Xu-Yan, Lu Jin, Sun Yu, Zhao Xing-Qing
School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2019 Dec 8;40(12):5550-5560. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201905050.
Soil microorganisms play an important role in ecosystem function. Soil microbial community structure can be used to feed back the status of heavy metal pollution in soil at different functional areas of mines related to mining activities. Samples of four different land use types (vegetable garden, tailings reservoir, heap mining area, and dressing area) were collected in the Shizishan mining area, Tongling, Anhui Province, to determine the effect of heavy metal pollution on microbial community structure. Soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents of the four different land use types were measured, and soil microbial community abundance and structure diversity were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that there are significant differences in physical and chemical properties between different regions. The comprehensive pollution index of Nemerow is heap mining area (7.28) > dressing area (6.99) > tailings reservoir (6.55) > vegetable garden (5.92). The distribution of microbial community abundance and structure diversity was tailings reservoir > dressing area > vegetable garden > heap mining area. In addition, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and correlation analysis showed that land use type, soil pH and heavy metal content had significant effects on the microbial community. The dominant soil microbial communities at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, at the class level were -Proteobacteria, -Proteobacteria, and -Proteobacteria, and at the genus level were , and . The bacteria that are more tolerant to heavy metals are Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, -Proteobacteria, and . These results have deepened our understanding of microbial changes and aggregation patterns in soils of heavy-metal-contaminated mining areas. This study can provide bacterial species and theoretical basis for bioremediation of heavy metal mining areas.
土壤微生物在生态系统功能中发挥着重要作用。土壤微生物群落结构可用于反馈与采矿活动相关的矿山不同功能区土壤中重金属污染状况。在安徽省铜陵市狮子山矿区采集了四种不同土地利用类型（菜园、尾矿库、堆矿区和选矿区）的样本，以确定重金属污染对微生物群落结构的影响。测定了四种不同土地利用类型的土壤理化性质和重金属含量，并通过Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析了土壤微生物群落丰度和结构多样性。结果表明，不同区域的理化性质存在显著差异。内梅罗综合污染指数为堆矿区（7.28）＞选矿区（6.99）＞尾矿库（6.55）＞菜园（5.92）。微生物群落丰度和结构多样性的分布为尾矿库＞选矿区＞菜园＞堆矿区。此外，主坐标分析（PCoA）、典范对应分析（CCA）和相关性分析表明，土地利用类型、土壤pH值和重金属含量对微生物群落有显著影响。土壤微生物群落的优势门类在门水平上为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门，在纲水平上为α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲和γ-变形菌纲，在属水平上为[具体属名1]、[具体属名2]和[具体属名3]。对重金属耐受性较强的细菌为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、γ-变形菌纲和[具体属名4]。这些结果加深了我们对重金属污染矿区土壤中微生物变化和聚集模式的理解。本研究可为重金属矿区的生物修复提供菌种和理论依据。
