Wang Jing, Ma Li-Juan, Long Ze-Hua, Min Wei, Hou Zhen-An
Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Corps, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Jan 8;41(1):420-429. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201907183.
A five year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of continually returning cotton straw or biochar on microbial metabolic function and bacterial community composition of soil in a cotton field under drip irrigation conditions. The experiment involved three treatments:control (single application of chemical fertilizer, CK), cotton straw (returning of cotton straw plus chemical fertilizer application, ST), and biochar (returning of cotton straw biochar plus chemical fertilizer application, BC). The returning of cotton straw and biochar both significantly increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nutrients, but the effect of returning biochar was more significant. The carbon source metabolic activities of the soil in the ST treatment was the highest, followed by the BC treatment, which was significantly higher than of that in the CK treatment. The returning of cotton straw promoted the metabolism of carbohydrate and amine carbon sources, while biochar significantly increased the metabolism of polymer carbon sources. Compared with the CK treatment, the ST treatment significantly increased the phylum of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, and the family of Xanthomonadaceae, Acidobacteriaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Cytophagaceae. The BC treatment significantly increased the phylum of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, and the family of Blastocatellaceae (subgroup 4), Gemmatimonadaceae, and Nitrosomonadaceae. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between the relative abundances of Xanthomonadaceae and Acidobacteriaceae and the carbon source metabolic activities of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, and amines. The relative abundances of Microbacteriaceae and Cytophagaceae were positively correlated with carbohydrates and amines. There was a significant positive correlation between the relative abundance of Blastocatellaceae (subgroup 4), Gemmatimonadaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae and the carbon metabolism of polymers. These results suggest that the continual returning of biochar increased soil nutrients, change bacterial community composition, and promoted the metabolic activity of polymer carbon sources in the drip-irrigated cotton field.
开展了一项为期五年的田间试验，以评估在滴灌条件下持续归还棉花秸秆或生物炭对棉田土壤微生物代谢功能和细菌群落组成的影响。该试验包括三种处理：对照（单施化肥，CK）、棉花秸秆（归还棉花秸秆并施用化肥，ST）和生物炭（归还棉花秸秆生物炭并施用化肥，BC）。归还棉花秸秆和生物炭均显著增加了土壤有机质、全氮和有效养分，但归还生物炭的效果更显著。ST处理土壤的碳源代谢活性最高，其次是BC处理，二者均显著高于CK处理。归还棉花秸秆促进了碳水化合物和胺类碳源的代谢，而生物炭显著增加了聚合物碳源的代谢。与CK处理相比，ST处理显著增加了变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门的菌门以及黄单胞菌科、酸杆菌科、微杆菌科和噬纤维菌科的菌科。BC处理显著增加了酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门的菌门以及芽单胞菌科（第4亚组）、芽单胞菌科和亚硝化单胞菌科的菌科。相关性分析表明，黄单胞菌科和酸杆菌科的相对丰度与碳水化合物、氨基酸、羧酸和胺类的碳源代谢活性之间存在显著正相关。微杆菌科和噬纤维菌科的相对丰度与碳水化合物和胺类呈正相关。芽单胞菌科（第4亚组）、芽单胞菌科、亚硝化单胞菌科的相对丰度与聚合物的碳代谢之间存在显著正相关。这些结果表明，在滴灌棉田中持续归还生物炭增加了土壤养分，改变了细菌群落组成，并促进了聚合物碳源的代谢活性。
