[Response of Soil Respiration and Heterotrophic Respiration to Returning of Straw and Biochar in Rape-Maize Rotation Systems].

Soil respiration has become the main way of farmland ecosystem carbon emissions. Soil respiration and its responses to soil moisture and soil temperature under straw and biochar returning were investigated. Combined soil CO fluxes system(ACE-002/OPZ/SC) with the method of root exclusion, this study conducted a long-term field experiment in the national monitor station of soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency of purple soils. The total soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration rate and the soil hydrothermal factors were measured during the growth period of rape and maize in rape-maize rotation systems, and the difference between total soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration was calculated as the contribution of root respiration to soil respiration. There were five treatments including CK(no organic material), CS(straw), CSD(straw+microorganism), BC(biochar), CSBC(50%straw+50%biochar), which were replicated three times. The results showed that straw and biochar returning significantly affected the seasonal variations and the peak of soil respiration. In addition to BC treatment, other treatments promoted soil respiration and cumulative emissions of soil CO. Soil respiration rate was significantly different under different treatments, the changes in soil respiration rates showed a single peak curve under all treatments, the seasonal variations in soil respiration rates under rape was 0.12-2.29 μmol·(m·s), displaying an order of CS > CSD > CSBC > CK > BC. Soil respiration was pretty complex in maize season, the seasonal variation in soil respiration rates under rape was 1.02-15.32 μmol·(m·s), displaying an order of CSD > CS > CSBC > CK > BC, the changes in soil respiration rate presented a double peak curve under CS and CSD and CSBC treatments and a single peak curve under BC and CK treatments. Heterotrophic respiration could explain 86.50%-93.94% of seasonal variations in the soil total respiration, and the contribution of root respiration(26.49%-32.86%) was significantly lower than CK treatment(53.65%).Straw and biochar returning did not change soil temperature and soil moisture. Soil temperature at 5 cm depth had significant effects on the change dynamics of soil respiration rates, but soil moisture did not. Soil temperature at 5 cm depth could explain 82%-94% of the variations in soil respiration. The values of temperature sensitivity coefficient changed from 3.28 to 4.47. Compared with CK treatment, of CS, CSD and CSBC decreased by 26.62%, 18.12%, 20.58%, respectively, while BC increased by 12.53%. There was no synergistic effect between soil temperature and soil moisture on soil respiration, the dynamic changes of soil respiration rate could be simulated by single factor index function of soil temperature. Overall, soil respiration was significantly promoted by returning of straw, straw+microorganism, straw+biochar, while it was inhibited by returning of biochar.