Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Planta Med. 2020 Feb;86(3):180-189. doi: 10.1055/a-1070-9325. Epub 2019 Dec 11.
The bergamot ( Risso & Poiteau), a small tree cultivated along the Ionian coast of the Calabria region in Southern Italy, is an ancient plant used for the production of essential oil from fruit peel, but recently evaluated also for the high content of phenolics in the fruit pulp. Indeed, the juice is rich in glycosylated flavone and flavanones, showing a wide range of pharmacological activities. Noteworthy preclinical and clinical studies reported that bergamot juice is effective in reducing plasma lipids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of a juice using an experimental animal model of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk . A significant reduction of both triglyceride levels and cardiovascular risk was observed in animals fed with a high-fat diet and bergamot juice. Daily oral treatment with bergamot juice significantly limits a high-fat-induced increase in body, visceral adipose tissue, liver, and heart weight. In addition, juice showed protective effects on hepatic steatosis, probably due to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Chemical constituents of administered bergamot juice, investigated by means of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analyses were represented by a wide range of flavonoids, with neohesperidin, neoeriocitrin, and naringin being the most abundant flavonoids according to previous studies. Furthermore, a considerable amount of brutieridin, a flavanone -glycoside having a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl residue, was observed.
香柠檬（Risso & Poiteau），一种小型树木，在意大利南部卡拉布里亚地区的爱奥尼亚海岸种植，是一种从果皮中提取精油的古老植物，但最近也因其果肉中含有高浓度酚类物质而受到评估。事实上，果汁富含糖苷化黄酮和黄烷酮，具有广泛的药理活性。值得注意的是，临床前和临床研究报告称，香柠檬汁可有效降低血浆脂质。本研究旨在评估使用代谢综合征和心血管风险的实验动物模型对香柠檬汁的有益作用。在高脂肪饮食和香柠檬汁喂养的动物中，观察到甘油三酯水平和心血管风险显著降低。此外，香柠檬汁的每日口服治疗显著限制了高脂肪引起的体重、内脏脂肪组织、肝脏和心脏重量的增加。此外，果汁对肝脂肪变性具有保护作用，可能是由于氧化应激和炎症的减少。通过液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱（LC-ESI-MS/MS）分析， administered bergamot juice 的化学成分代表了广泛的类黄酮，根据先前的研究，新橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和柚皮苷是最丰富的类黄酮。此外，还观察到相当数量的布屈里丁，一种具有 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰基残基的黄烷酮糖苷。
