Widen Elizabeth M, Nichols Amy R, Kahn Linda G, Factor-Litvak Pam, Insel Beverly J, Hoepner Lori, Dube Sara M, Rauh Virginia, Perera Frederica, Rundle Andrew
Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 103 W 24TH ST A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
BMC Pediatr. 2019 Dec 20;19(1):507. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1853-4.
Maternal obesity and high gestational weight gain (GWG) disproportionally affect low-income populations and may be associated with child neurodevelopment in a sex-specific manner. We examined sex-specific associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and child neurodevelopment at age 7.
Data are from a prospective low-income cohort of African American and Dominican women (n = 368; 44.8% male offspring) enrolled during the second half of pregnancy from 1998 to 2006. Neurodevelopment was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) at approximately child age 7. Linear regression estimated associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and child outcomes, adjusting for race/ethnicity, marital status, gestational age at delivery, maternal education, maternal IQ and child age.
Overweight affected 23.9% of mothers and obesity affected 22.6%. At age 7, full-scale IQ was higher among girls (99.7 ± 11.6) compared to boys (96.9 ± 13.3). Among boys, but not girls, prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with lower full-scale IQ scores [overweight β: - 7.1, 95% CI: (- 12.1, - 2.0); obesity β: - 5.7, 95% CI: (- 10.7, - 0.7)]. GWG was not associated with full-scale IQ in either sex.
Prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with lower IQ among boys, but not girls, at 7 years. These findings are important considering overweight and obesity prevalence and the long-term implications of early cognitive development.
孕妇肥胖和孕期体重过度增加（GWG）对低收入人群的影响尤为严重，并且可能以性别特异性方式与儿童神经发育相关。我们研究了孕前体重指数（BMI）、GWG与7岁儿童神经发育之间的性别特异性关联。
数据来自1998年至2006年孕期后半期入组的非裔美国人和多米尼加女性的前瞻性低收入队列（n = 368；44.8%为男性后代）。在儿童约7岁时使用韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC-IV）测量神经发育情况。线性回归估计孕前BMI、GWG与儿童结局之间的关联，并对种族/民族、婚姻状况、分娩时的孕周、母亲教育程度、母亲智商和儿童年龄进行了校正。
超重影响了23.9%的母亲，肥胖影响了22.6%的母亲。在7岁时，女孩的全量表智商（99.7±11.6）高于男孩（96.9±13.3）。在男孩中，而非女孩中，孕前超重和肥胖与较低的全量表智商得分相关[超重β：-7.1，95%置信区间：（-12.1，-2.0）；肥胖β：-5.7，95%置信区间：（-10.7，-0.7）]。GWG与任何性别的全量表智商均无关联。
孕前超重和肥胖与7岁男孩而非女孩的较低智商相关。考虑到超重和肥胖的患病率以及早期认知发展的长期影响，这些发现具有重要意义。
