Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis - viale dell'università, 16 - Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 20;9(1):19522. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56076-9.
Bois noir, a disease of the grapevine yellows complex, is associated with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' and transmitted to grapevines in open fields by the cixiids Hyalesthes obsoletus and Reptalus panzeri. In vine-growing areas where the population density of these vectors is low within the vineyard, the occurrence of bois noir implies the existence of alternative vectors. The aim of this study was to identify alternative vectors through screening of the Auchenorrhyncha community, phytoplasma typing by stamp gene sequence analyses, and transmission trials. During field activities, conducted in Northern Italy in a vineyard where the bois noir incidence was extremely high, nine potential alternative insect vectors were identified according to high abundance in the vineyard agro-ecosystem, high infection rate, and harbouring phytoplasma strains characterized by stamp gene sequence variants found also in symptomatic grapevines. Transmission trials coupled with molecular analyses showed that at least eight species (Aphrodes makarovi, Dicranotropis hamata, Dictyophara europaea, Euscelis incisus, Euscelidius variegatus, Laodelphax striatella, Philaenus spumarius, and Psammotettix alienus/confinis) are alternative vectors of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' to grapevines. These novel findings highlight that bois noir epidemiology in vineyard agro-ecosystems is more complex than previously known, opening up new perspectives in the disease management.
黑木病是葡萄黄化复合体的一种病害，与“植原体 Solani”相关，并通过长尾沫蝉属的 Hyalesthes obsoletus 和 Reptalus panzeri 传播到露天葡萄园的葡萄藤上。在这些媒介物种群密度在葡萄园内部较低的葡萄种植区，黑木病的发生意味着存在替代媒介物。本研究旨在通过筛选半翅目昆虫群落、基于邮票基因序列分析的植原体分型和传播试验，确定替代媒介物。在意大利北部的一个葡萄园进行田间活动，该葡萄园的黑木病发病率极高，根据在葡萄园农业生态系统中的高丰度、高感染率以及携带与症状葡萄藤中发现的邮票基因序列变体相同的植原体菌株，确定了 9 种潜在的替代昆虫媒介物。结合分子分析的传播试验表明，至少有 8 种物种（Aphrodes makarovi、Dicranotropis hamata、Dictyophara europaea、Euscelis incisus、Euscelidius variegatus、Laodelphax striatella、Philaenus spumarius 和 Psammotettix alienus/confinis）是葡萄藤的“植原体 Solani”的替代媒介物。这些新发现表明，葡萄园农业生态系统中的黑木病流行病学比以前所知的更为复杂，为疾病管理开辟了新的视角。
