Institut Tchadien de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (ITRAD), B.P. 5400, N'Djaména, Tchad.
Equipe Génétique et Amélioration des plantes, Laboratoire Biosciences, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso.
Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 20;9(1):19581. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56192-6.
Dry-season sorghum is a type of sorghum whose establishment ends at the end of the rainy season and its development takes place during the dry and cold harmattan period. Its root system is particularly well developed with deep penetration for water withdrawal. This study was conducted to assess the level of genetic diversity present among dry-season sorghum in Chad's Sudanese zone using phenotypic traits, and to identify new sources of drought tolerance that could be used in sorghum breeding programs. A high variability in qualitative traits was observed except for the botanical race which showed that all cultivars were of durra race. It was also observed that most cultivars had compact panicles (66.67%), mostly black glumes (66.67%), glume hairiness (58.33%) and did not have aristation (91.67%). Most qualitative traits showed a coefficient of variation of less than 30%, and the analysis of the variance showed that at 0.1% probability, there were significant differences between cultivars for all traits except botanical race. It was observed that the potential productivity of dry-season sorghum of this collection was strongly related to their staygreen characteristic; a trait of enormous importance in breeding for postflowering drought tolerance in sorghum. Plant height was highly heritable (91.9%), followed by the peduncle length (90.2%), panicle length (87.5%) and the internodes number (86.5%). Structuring of diversity separated the cultivars into four statistically distinct groups; with group 2 clustering cultivars with panicle productivity, early maturity and high staygreen, and other traits that contribute to the performance of cultivars. The findings will help to enhance the selection and production of dry-season sorghum in Chad and also provide alternative sources for staygreen introgression into the larger sorghum breeding community.
旱季高粱是一种高粱，其种植在雨季结束时结束，其生长在干旱和寒冷的哈马丹期。它的根系特别发达，具有深穿透性的水分提取。本研究旨在利用表型性状评估乍得苏丹区旱季高粱的遗传多样性水平，并鉴定可用于高粱育种计划的新耐旱源。除了所有品种均为杜拉品种的植物学品种外，观察到定性性状存在高度变异性。还观察到大多数品种具有紧凑的穗状花序（66.67％），大多数黑颖（66.67％），颖毛（58.33％）和无芒（91.67％）。大多数定性性状的变异系数小于 30％，方差分析表明，在 0.1％的概率水平下，除植物学品种外，所有性状的品种间均存在显著差异。观察到该集合的旱季高粱的潜在生产力与其留绿特性密切相关；这是高粱在开花后抗旱性育种中非常重要的特征。株高具有很高的遗传力（91.9％），其次是花梗长度（90.2％），穗长（87.5％）和节间数（86.5％）。多样性结构将品种分为四个在统计学上有明显区别的组；第 2 组聚类具有穗状花序生产力，早熟和高留绿性的品种，以及其他有助于品种表现的其他性状。研究结果将有助于提高乍得旱季高粱的选择和生产，并为将留绿性导入更大的高粱育种社区提供替代来源。
