Adedugba Adeyemi Adewumi, Adeyemo Oyenike Arike, Adetumbi Adedayo Johnson, Amusa Oluwafemi Daniel, Ogunkanmi Liasu Adebayo
Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos Akoka, Yaba, Nigeria.
Institute of Agricultural Research & Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Heliyon. 2023 Mar 20;9(3):e14622. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14622. eCollection 2023 Mar.
The study aimed to assess one hundred and twelve (112) accessions of sorghum sourced from Nigeria and other four African countries for their genetic variability, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance components to identify promising accessions with high grain yield and sweet stalk which can serve as future parents for breeding dual-purpose lines. The accessions were evaluated at Ilora, Oyo State, Nigeria in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) layout with three replicates in two planting seasons (2020 and 2021). The results showed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The highest PCV and GCV were grain yield (51.89%) and inflorescence length (42.26%), respectively, while a hundred seed grain weight had the lowest PCV (17.83%) and GCV (21.55%). The range of genetic advance over mean (GAM) was 28.33% for leaf width and 81.62% for inflorescence length. Inflorescence length had the highest values of heritability and GAM (0.88, 81.62%), while a low value was obtained for grain yield (0.27, 29.32%). Twenty-two accessions had higher grain yields than the yields of check varieties. The high-yielding accessions, SG57, SG31, SG06, and SG12 had grain yields of 3.07 t/ha, 2.89 t/ha, 2.76 t/ha and 2.73 t/ha, respectively. Fourteen accessions had wet stalks, of which 12 of the accessions had soluble stalk sugar (Brix) above 12%, which is comparable to the amount found in sweet sorghum. Three accessions with Brix above 12% (SG16, SG31, SG32) and high grain yields (2.32 t/ha, 2.89 t/ha and 2.02 t/ha) were identified as promising accessions. There is considerable genetic diversity among African sorghum accessions in Nigeria's southwest agroecosystem, which should improve food security and breeding potential.
本研究旨在评估来自尼日利亚和其他四个非洲国家的112份高粱种质资源的遗传变异性、广义遗传力和遗传进展成分，以鉴定出具有高产和甜茎特性的优良种质，这些种质可作为培育两用系的未来亲本。这些种质在尼日利亚奥约州伊洛拉采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD）布局进行评估，在2020年和2021年两个种植季节中设置三个重复。结果表明，表型变异系数（PCV）高于基因型变异系数（GCV）。最高的PCV和GCV分别是籽粒产量（51.89%）和花序长度（42.26%），而百粒重的PCV（17.83%）和GCV（21.55%）最低。叶宽的遗传进展占均值（GAM）范围为28.33%，花序长度为81.62%。花序长度的遗传力和GAM值最高（0.88, 81.62%），而籽粒产量的值较低（0.27, 29.32%）。22份种质的籽粒产量高于对照品种。高产种质SG57、SG31、SG06和SG12的籽粒产量分别为3.07吨/公顷、2.89吨/公顷、2.76吨/公顷和2.73吨/公顷。14份种质的茎秆多汁，其中12份种质的茎秆可溶性糖（锤度）高于12%，这与甜高粱中的含量相当。鉴定出三份锤度高于12%（SG16、SG31、SG32）且籽粒产量高（2.32吨/公顷、2.89吨/公顷和2.02吨/公顷）的种质为优良种质。在尼日利亚西南部农业生态系统中，非洲高粱种质之间存在相当大的遗传多样性，这应能改善粮食安全和育种潜力。
