Department of Hydrology, Trier University, 54286, Trier, Germany.
Institute for Organic Agriculture a.s.b.l. (IBLA), 27, Op der Schanz, 6225, Altrier, Luxembourg.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Feb;27(6):5993-6008. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07314-0. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
Representative sampling of suspended particulate matter is fundamental for assessing river sediment quality, including the distribution and physicochemical characterisation of particles at different hydrological events. This study compares time-integrated samplers and discrete sampling methods, focusing on (a) the representativeness of the different methods and (b) the comparability between the various sampling techniques. The study investigates whether different sampling devices used under the same conditions can reproduce the annual mean. Two time-integrated sampling techniques (Binnensammler floating collector (BS); self-constructed Phillips sampler (PS)) and two discrete sampling systems (continuous-flow centrifuge (CFC); hydrocyclone (HC)) were compared. The monitoring program (August 2013 to August 2014) was conducted using a 4-week sampling frequency at two different monitoring stations in the Rhine river basin. The analysis of physicochemical parameters included total organic carbon (TOC), particulate phosphorus (PP), grain size distribution (GSD), metals, and organic pollutants (PCBs, HCB, PAH). A nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the dependence of suspended matter quality parameters on the sampling method, the sampling device, and the sampling station. According to ANOVA, physical and chemical parameters as well as persistent organic pollutants are homogenous for the time-integrated samplers PS and BS. Comparing PS and the reference technique CFC, only the mean annual concentration of TOC is significantly higher for CFC (5.91%; PS, 4.53%) due to degradation processes. With the exception of TOC, Ni, and GSD, data of BS was comparable with that of CFC. Comparing CFC and HC, there are significant differences for GSD, Zn, and Ni. An analysis of the time series of GSD < 63 μm and sum of PAHs confirms the findings of the nested ANOVA, showing that HC time series display significant differences compared with the other samplers.
悬浮颗粒物的代表性采样对于评估河流沉积物质量至关重要，包括不同水文事件中颗粒的分布和物理化学特征。本研究比较了时间积分采样器和离散采样方法，重点关注 (a) 不同方法的代表性和 (b) 各种采样技术的可比性。该研究调查了在相同条件下使用不同采样装置是否可以重现年平均值。两种时间积分采样技术（Binnensammler 漂浮收集器 (BS)；自组装的菲利普斯采样器 (PS)）和两种离散采样系统（连续流动离心机 (CFC)；水力旋流器 (HC)）进行了比较。监测计划（2013 年 8 月至 2014 年 8 月）采用 4 周采样频率，在莱茵河流域的两个不同监测站进行。对物理化学参数的分析包括总有机碳 (TOC)、颗粒磷 (PP)、粒度分布 (GSD)、金属和有机污染物（多氯联苯 (PCBs)、六氯苯 (HCB)、多环芳烃 (PAH)）。嵌套方差分析 (ANOVA) 用于评估悬浮物质质量参数对采样方法、采样装置和采样站的依赖关系。根据 ANOVA，PS 和 BS 两种时间积分采样器的物理和化学参数以及持久性有机污染物是均匀的。与参考技术 CFC 相比，只有 PS 中 TOC 的年平均浓度显著更高（5.91%；PS，4.53%），这是由于降解过程造成的。除 TOC、Ni 和 GSD 外，BS 的数据与 CFC 的数据相当。与 CFC 和 HC 相比，GSD、Zn 和 Ni 存在显著差异。GSD < 63μm 和多环芳烃总和的时间序列分析证实了嵌套 ANOVA 的发现，表明 HC 时间序列与其他采样器存在显著差异。
