Transport and utilization of D-methionine and other methionine sources in Escherichia coli.

The transport and utilization of D-methionine was investigated in several strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Wild-type cells exhibit a single transport system with a Km of 1.16 muM. This activity exhibits a specificity similar to that of the uptake of L-methionine. The activity toward the D-isomer and the high-affinity uptake of L-methionine are lost in strains mutant in metD, along with the ability to utilize D-methionine as methionine source. Both activities respond identically to gene dosage of metD and are both restored in revertants or transductants. However, although L-methionine is a potent inhibitor of D-methionine uptake, D-methionine has little or no effect on the uptake of the L-isomer. No mutants altered in the uptake of only one of the two isomers were found in a screening. Regulation of both activities was similar in their response to the internal methionine pool, and some evidence was suggestive of partial repressive control of these activities. The evidence is most consistent with the role of the metD product as a common step for two methionine-specific uptake systems, but other gene products may represent the initial substrate binding sites. This system also appears to be involved in the uptake of N-acetyl methionine and methionine sulfoxide and methionine sulfoximine. The uptake of the keto analogue of methionine, alpha-keto-gamma-methiol butyrate, appears to be mediated by a separate system specific for alpha-keto straight-chain acids 5- to 6-carbon units in length.