Sodium butyrate increases glucose transporter expression in LLC-PK1 cells.

The effect of sodium butyrate on the expression of the facilitated glucose transporter (GT) was investigated in the pig kidney cell line LLC-PK1. When cells were treated with butyrate, GT mRNA expression was remarkably enhanced with a maximal effect at 5 mM. Levels of GT mRNA were increased at 1 day after butyrate treatment and continued to increase for at least 4 days; however, acetate and propionate did not affect GT mRNA levels significantly. The induction of GT mRNA by butyrate was accompanied by an increase in GT function. The expression of GT mRNA decreased in HepG2, HT-29, and COS cells by treatment with butyrate for 1 day. Interestingly, glucose deprivation of LLC-PK1 cells reduced the induction of GT mRNA by butyrate, although starvation itself slightly enhanced steady-state GT mRNA levels. Therefore, expression of GT in LLC-PK1 cells is strongly induced by butyrate by a pathway that apparently depends on the presence of glucose in culture medium.