Hashemi Hassan, Pakzad Reza, Nabovati Payam, Azad Shahraki Fatemeh, Ostadimoghaddam Hadi, Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza, Pakbin Mojgan, Yekta Abbasali, Khoshhal Fahimeh, Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran.
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam.
Strabismus. 2020 Mar;28(1):35-41. doi: 10.1080/09273972.2019.1697300. Epub 2019 Dec 23.
: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of tropia, phoria, and their types in Islamic Azad University students in Shahrekord, Iran.: Of 826 students that were invited, 752 participated in this cross-sectional study (response rate = 91.04%). After applying exclusion criteria, statistical analyses were performed on the data of 726 individuals. All participants underwent optometric tests including measurement of visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, as well as binocular vision and ocular health examinations. The unilateral and alternate cover tests were done to detect the tropia and phoria at 6 m and 40 cm, respectively.: The overall prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of tropia, exotropia, and esotropia were 1.5% (0.8 to 2.7), 1.2% (0.6 to 2.4), and 0.3% (0.1 to 1.1), respectively. The prevalence of esotropia was significantly higher in older age groups (24 years old) ( = .040) . The prevalence of exotropia was significantly higher in females (0.039) and in myopic individuals ( = .001). The overall prevalence and 95% CI of phoria, exophoria, and esophoria were 12.9% (10.7 to 15.6), 11.7% (9.6 to 14.3), and 1.2% (0.6 to 2.3), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall prevalence of exophoria according to the age (0.021). The prevalence of esophoria was significantly higher in females ( = .039). The prevalence of exophoria was significantly higher in myopic participants ( = .003). Exophoria and exotropia were the most common types of phoria and tropia, respectively.: The prevalence of strabismus in university students was similar to the Iranian general population but lower than other countries. One in every 10 students had phoria, which was much lower than similar reports on Iranian populations; however, due to near-work activity, these students are prone to asthenopia, early visual fatigue, and decreased productivity. Therefore, it is suggested that university students also undergo screening programs to detect the cases of tropia and phoria.
本研究旨在确定伊朗设拉子伊斯兰阿扎德大学学生中斜视、隐斜视及其类型的患病率。在受邀的826名学生中，752名参与了这项横断面研究（应答率=91.04%）。应用排除标准后，对726名个体的数据进行了统计分析。所有参与者均接受了验光测试，包括视力测量、客观和主观验光，以及双眼视觉和眼部健康检查。分别在6米和40厘米处进行单眼和交替遮盖试验以检测斜视和隐斜视。斜视、外斜视和内斜视的总体患病率及95%置信区间（CI）分别为1.5%（0.8至2.7）、1.2%（0.6至2.4）和0.3%（0.1至1.1）。内斜视患病率在年龄较大组（24岁）中显著更高（P = 0.040）。外斜视患病率在女性中显著更高（P = 0.039），在近视个体中也显著更高（P = 0.001）。隐斜视、外隐斜视和内隐斜视的总体患病率及95%CI分别为12.9%（10.7至15.6）、11.7%（9.6至14.3）和1.2%（0.6至2.3）。外隐斜视的总体患病率根据年龄存在显著差异（P = 0.021）。内隐斜视患病率在女性中显著更高（P = 0.039）。外隐斜视患病率在近视参与者中显著更高（P = 0.003）。外隐斜视和外斜视分别是最常见的隐斜视和斜视类型。大学生斜视患病率与伊朗普通人群相似，但低于其他国家。每10名学生中有1名有隐斜视，这远低于关于伊朗人群的类似报告；然而，由于近距离工作活动，这些学生易患眼疲劳、早期视觉疲劳和生产力下降。因此，建议大学生也接受筛查项目以检测斜视和隐斜视病例。
