Yekta AbbasAli, Hashemi Hassan, Ostadimoghaddam Hadi, Haghighi Batool, Shafiee Hava, Mehravaran Shiva, Nabovati Payam, Asharlous Amir, Khabazkhoob Mehdi
a Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.
b Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology , Noor Eye Hospital , Tehran , Iran.
Strabismus. 2016 Sep;24(3):113-9. doi: 10.1080/09273972.2016.1205103. Epub 2016 Aug 2.
To determine the prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia, and the distribution of the near point of convergence (NPC), in a population of children aged 4 to 6 years.
In this cross-sectional study, preschoolers in Mashhad were sampled using a random multistage cluster sampling approach. Examinations were done after obtaining parental consent. All participants had measurements of uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, and non-cycloplegic refraction, and they had near and far cover tests to determine tropia and phoria.
Of the 3765 selected children, 3701 participated in the study. The prevalence of tropia was 1.21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-1.57). Near and near/far tropia was observed in 0.83% (95% CI: 0.53-1.12) and 0.39% (95% CI: 0.18-0.59), respectively. Tropia was significantly more prevalent in boys (P=0.005). The most common type of tropia was esotropia, 0.22% (95% CI: 0.07-0.37). Among participants, 63.92% (95% CI: 62.36-65.48) had phoria; prevalence of far, near, and near/far phoria was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.07-0.37), 60.47% (95% CI: 58.88-62.07), and 3.22% (95% CI: 2.65-3.8), respectively. Mean NPC was 5.1 cm (95% CI: 5.05-5.14). NPC increased by 0.08 cm per month of age (P=0.033) and was 0.10 cm higher in boys compared to girls (P=0.027). Based on NPC, 61.58% (95% CI: 59.99-63.17) were symptomatic. The prevalence of amblyopia was 0.41% (95% CI: 0.20-0.61). The type of amblyopia was anisometropic, strabismic, and isoametropic in 75%, 11.1%, and 8.5%, respectively.
The prevalence of amblyopia in this study population was not high; however, the prevalence of tropia was average compared to previous studies in Iran. Describing NPC in a 4- to 6-year-old Iranian population for the first time, we found that NPC increased with age in this sample.
确定4至6岁儿童斜视和弱视的患病率，以及集合近点（NPC）的分布情况。
在这项横断面研究中，采用随机多阶段整群抽样方法对马什哈德的学龄前儿童进行抽样。在获得家长同意后进行检查。所有参与者均测量了未矫正视力、矫正视力和非散瞳验光，并进行了远近遮盖试验以确定斜视和隐斜视。
在3765名选定儿童中，3701名参与了研究。斜视患病率为1.21%（95%置信区间[CI]：0.86 - 1.57）。近距离和近/远距离斜视的患病率分别为0.83%（95%CI：0.53 - 1.12）和0.39%（95%CI：0.18 - 0.59）。男孩的斜视患病率显著更高（P = 0.005）。最常见的斜视类型是内斜视，为0.22%（95%CI：0.07 - 0.37）。在参与者中，63.92%（95%CI：62.36 - 65.48）有隐斜视；远距离、近距离和近/远距离隐斜视的患病率分别为0.22%（95%CI：0.07 - 0.37）、60.47%（95%CI：58.88 - 62.07）和3.22%（95%CI：2.65 - 3.8）。平均NPC为5.1厘米（95%CI：5.05 - 5.14）。NPC每月随年龄增长0.08厘米（P = 0.033），男孩比女孩高0.10厘米（P = 0.027）。根据NPC，61.58%（95%CI：59.99 - 63.17）有症状。弱视患病率为0.41%（95%CI：0.20 - 0.61）。弱视类型分别为屈光参差性、斜视性和等屈光不正性，各占75%、11.1%和8.5%。
本研究人群中弱视患病率不高；然而，与伊朗以往的研究相比，斜视患病率处于平均水平。首次描述了4至6岁伊朗人群的NPC，我们发现该样本中NPC随年龄增长。
