平衡护士工作量：线性混合效应模型估计外科病房所需护理时间。
Balancing workload of nurses: Linear mixed effects modelling to estimate required nursing time on surgical wards.
机构信息
University Medical Center Utrecht University of Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.
Center for Human Resource Organization and Management Effectiveness Business University Nyenrode Breukelen The Netherlands.
出版信息
Nurs Open. 2019 Nov 16;7(1):235-245. doi: 10.1002/nop2.385. eCollection 2020 Jan.
AIM
Quantifying the relation between patient characteristics and care time and explaining differences in nursing time between wards.
DESIGN
Academic hospital in the Netherlands. Six surgical wards, capacity 15-30 beds, 2012-2014.
METHODS
Linear mixed effects model to study the relation between patient characteristics and care time. Estimated marginal means to estimate baseline care time and differences between wards.
RESULTS
Nine patient characteristics significantly related to care time. Most required between 18 and 35 min extra, except "two or more IV/drip/drain" (8) and "one-on-one care" (156). Care time for minimum patient profile: 44-57 min and for average patient profile: 75-88 min. Sources of variation: nurse proficiency, patients, day-to-day variation within patients. The set of characteristics is short, simple and useful for planning and comparing workload. Explained variance up to 36%. Calculating estimated means per ward has not been done before. Nurse proficiency is an important factor.
目的
定量分析患者特征与护理时间之间的关系，并解释病房间护理时间的差异。
设计
荷兰某学术医院。6 个外科病房，床位 15-30 张，2012-2014 年。
方法
采用线性混合效应模型研究患者特征与护理时间之间的关系。采用边缘均值估计来估计基线护理时间和病房间的差异。
结果
9 个患者特征与护理时间显著相关。除了“两条或以上静脉滴注/引流”（8）和“一对一护理”（156）外，大多数患者需要额外的 18-35 分钟。最小患者特征的护理时间为 44-57 分钟，平均患者特征的护理时间为 75-88 分钟。变异源：护士熟练程度、患者、患者日间变化。特征集短、简单，可用于规划和比较工作量。解释方差高达 36%。以前没有计算过每个病房的估计均值。护士熟练程度是一个重要因素。
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