非正规志愿者管理面临的挑战：以 2017 年伊朗克尔曼沙阿地震为例。
Management Challenges of Informal Volunteers: The Case of Kermanshah Earthquake in Iran (2017).
机构信息
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Faculty member, Nursing Faculty of Aja University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
Assistant professor, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Feb;15(1):7-14. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2019.122. Epub 2019 Dec 26.
OBJECTIVES
Two of the 5 great earthquakes have occurred in Iran between 1990 and 2005. Informal volunteers' management is a determinant factor in disaster management. This research was conducted to investigate the management challenges of informal volunteers after the Kermanshah earthquake.
METHODS
The study is qualitative, done by content analysis. Data were gathered by observation and semi-structured interview.
RESULTS
Analysis of 12 interviews resulted in 4 main categories (inappropriate dispatch, volunteers' inefficiency, decrease in volunteers' incentive, deficiency of welfare services) and 11 subcategories.
DISCUSSION
To avoid mistrust and decrease in motivation, proposed actions are: standardize information collection, apply effective communication, create registration networks and accreditation of certificates and expertise, and perform periodic drills.
CONCLUSION
We recommend the start of extracurricular programs and applying potential volunteers within the preparedness phase, and follow-up at the beginning of the response phase. Decrease of motivation to participate in future events needs to be studied more comprehensively.
目的
1990 年至 2005 年间，伊朗发生了两次 5 级以上地震。非正规志愿者的管理是非正式志愿者管理的决定性因素。本研究旨在调查克尔曼沙阿地震后非正规志愿者管理面临的挑战。
方法
本研究为定性研究，采用内容分析法。数据通过观察和半结构化访谈收集。
结果
对 12 次访谈的分析产生了 4 个主要类别（分配不当、志愿者效率低下、志愿者激励减少、福利服务不足）和 11 个子类别。
讨论
为了避免不信任和动机降低，建议采取以下措施：规范信息收集、应用有效沟通、建立注册网络和认证证书和专业知识，并进行定期演习。
结论
我们建议在备灾阶段开始课外计划和应用潜在志愿者，并在响应阶段开始时进行跟进。需要更全面地研究参与未来事件的动机下降问题。
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