CHA Fertility Center, 5455 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA.
Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 22;21(1):106. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010106.
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, which are the most abundant family of glycolipids in eukaryotes. Gangliosides have been suggested to be important lipid molecules required for the control of cellular procedures, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and signaling. GD1a is expressed in interstitial cells during ovarian maturation in mice and exogenous GD1a is important to oocyte maturation, monospermic fertilization, and embryonic development. In this context, GM1 is known to influence signaling pathways in cells and is important in sperm-oocyte interactions and sperm maturation processes, such as capacitation. GM3 is expressed in the vertebrate oocyte cytoplasm, and exogenously added GM3 induces apoptosis and DNA injury during in vitro oocyte maturation and embryogenesis. As a consequence of this, ganglioside GT1b and GM1 decrease DNA fragmentation and act as HO inhibitors on germ cells and preimplantation embryos. This review describes the functional roles of gangliosides in spermatozoa, oocytes, and early embryonic development.
神经节苷脂是含有唾液酸的糖鞘脂，是真核生物中最丰富的糖脂家族。神经节苷脂被认为是控制细胞过程所必需的重要脂质分子，如细胞分化、增殖和信号转导。GD1a 在小鼠卵巢成熟过程中的间质细胞中表达，外源性 GD1a 对卵母细胞成熟、单精子受精和胚胎发育很重要。在这种情况下，GM1 已知会影响细胞中的信号通路，并且在精子-卵子相互作用和精子成熟过程（如获能）中很重要。GM3 表达在脊椎动物卵母细胞的细胞质中，体外卵母细胞成熟和胚胎发生过程中添加的外源性 GM3 诱导细胞凋亡和 DNA 损伤。因此，神经节苷脂 GT1b 和 GM1 可减少 DNA 片段化，并作为 HO 抑制剂作用于生殖细胞和着床前胚胎。本文综述了神经节苷脂在精子、卵子和早期胚胎发育中的功能作用。
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